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Effects of surface and light conditions of fallen logs on the emergence and survival of coniferous seedlings and saplings

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Journal of Forest Research

Abstract

We surveyed the germination number (N cs) of 2-year and a 1-year survival of Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis seedlings and saplings on 29 fallen logs from 2004 to 2005 in a natural coniferous forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, in relation to the surface and light conditions of fallen logs. Moss height (H moss), log hardness (Hardness), and the area of fallen log (Area) were measured as the surface conditions by each 1-m block from bottom to top of all fallen logs. The relative photosynthetic photon flux density (rPPFD) 10 cm above the tallest seedling in each block was measured as the light condition. In addition, the height of the tallest seedling or sapling in each block (H max), the difference between a height of each seedling and sapling and the H max (Shading), and a height of seedlings and saplings in 2004 (H ini) were considered. N cs of A. sachalinensis was affected by Hardness and Area, whereas N cs of P. jezoensis was affected by H moss, Hardness, Area, H max, and rPPFD. The survival of seedlings (height < 5 cm) and saplings (5 cm ≤ height <  50 cm) were affected by H ini, rPPFD, and shading for both species. However, the survival of P. jezoensis saplings was more sensitive to decrease in rPPFD and increase of shading than that of A. sachalinensis. Therefore, seedling emergence was influenced by surface conditions, whereas survival was affected by light conditions. Furthermore, P. jezoensis emergence and survival were more sensitive to surface and light conditions than that of A. sachalinensis.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the members of the Northern Hidaka Forest Office, especially Ken-ya Yamamoto, Sayaka Sano, and Ryoko Moto-oki, for allowing us to work in the plot and for assistance in the field. We also thank the members of the Laboratory of Silviculture, Hokkaido University, for assistance in the field. We are grateful to Nobuhisa Nagami, the Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Management, Hokkaido University, for the identification of a sedge species within our plot. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and useful comments for improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Hayato Iijima, Masato Shibuya & Hideyuki Saito

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  1. Hayato Iijima
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  2. Masato Shibuya
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  3. Hideyuki Saito
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Correspondence to Hayato Iijima.

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Iijima, H., Shibuya, M. & Saito, H. Effects of surface and light conditions of fallen logs on the emergence and survival of coniferous seedlings and saplings. J For Res 12, 262–269 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-007-0012-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-007-0012-1

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