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Interiktale Quellenlokalisation und Vorteile des High-density-EEG

Interictal source localization and advantages of high-density EEG

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Zeitschrift für Epileptologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Quellenlokalisation der Gehirnaktivität mittels EEG erlaubt die nichtinvasive Visualisierung der epileptischen Generatoren im anatomischen 3‑D-Raum. Zunächst hat sich die Lokalisierung der interiktalen epileptischen Entladungen mittels High-density-EEG (hdEEG) etabliert, bevor nun auch Techniken gesucht werden, um die iktalen Ereignisse zu lokalisieren.

Fragestellung

Hier fassen wir den aktuellen Stand der Literatur zur Lokalisierung der interiktalen Entladungen zusammen und geben eine Übersicht über die aktuellen Fragen.

Material und Methode

Wir besprechen die wichtigsten Arbeiten entlang der verschiedenen Parameter wie Erfassung der Entladung, Markierungszeitpunkt, Rolle des Kopfmodells und Elektrodenzahl und stellen die wichtigsten Studien mit Patientenkohorten dar.

Ergebnisse

In mehreren Studien mit großen Patientenkohorten wurde die Quellenlokalisierung von interiktalen epileptischen Entladungen durch hdEEG erfolgreich nachgewiesen. Wenn sie mit einem Kopfmodell, aufbauend auf dem eigenen MRT des Patienten, kombiniert wird, erreicht sie eine hohe Sensitivität (84 %) und Spezifität (88 %), die die anderen Bildgebungstechniken wie MRT, PET und SPECT übertreffen.

Schlussfolgerungen

EEG-Quellenlokalisation von interiktalen epileptischen Entladungen ist präzise und leistungsstark, und angesichts ihrer klinischen Relevanz sollte die EEG-Quellenlokalisierung einen festen Platz finden in der prächirurgischen Abklärung von Patienten mit pharmakorefraktärer Epilepsie neben den verbreiteten anderen Bildgebungstechniken.

Abstract

Background

Localization of the source of brain activity using an electroencephalograph (EEG) enables non-invasive visualization of the generators of epilepsy in an anatomical 3‑D space. Initially the localization of interictal epileptic discharges with high-density EEG (hdEEG) was established, before techniques are also now being looked for, in order to localize ictal events.

Objective

This article summarizes the current state of the literature on localization of interictal discharges and gives an overview of the current questions.

Material and methods

The most important articles on various parameters, such as documentation of the discharge, marking the time point, role of head models and number of electrodes are discussed and the most important studies with patient cohorts are presented.

Results

In several studies with large patient cohorts, the localization of the source of interictal epileptic discharges was successfully proven with hdEEG. When this is combined with a head model based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient, a high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (88%) can be achieved, which is superior to the other imaging techniques, such as MRI, PET and SPECT.

Conclusion

The EEG source localization of interictal epileptic discharges is precise and powerful. In view of the clinical relevance EEG source localization should be an established component in the presurgical clarification of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, in addition to the other widely used imaging techniques.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Kantonspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Schweiz

    Markus Gschwind

  2. Unité d’EEG et d’exploration de l’épilepsie, Service de Neurologie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4,, 1211, Genève, Schweiz

    Markus Gschwind & Margitta Seeck

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  1. Markus Gschwind
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Correspondence to Markus Gschwind.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Seeck hat Anteile an Epilog und wurde von Desitin und Philipps unterstützt. M. Gschwind gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Gschwind, M., Seeck, M. Interiktale Quellenlokalisation und Vorteile des High-density-EEG. Z. Epileptol. 31, 185–191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-018-0196-8

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