Zusammenfassung
Fieberkrämpfe gehören zu den häufigsten Formen pathologischer Hirnaktivität bei Kindern. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag wird das aktuelle Wissen über die Mechanismen und Folgen von Fieberkrämpfen zusammengefasst, das aus der Arbeit mit Tiermodellen in der experimentellen Epilepsieforschung gewonnen werden konnte. Es wird gezeigt, dass die alleinige Erhöhung der Körpertemperatur epileptiforme Anfälle im Tierversuch auslösen kann und dass fieberspezifische Faktoren, wie Zytokine, oder kompensatorische Reaktionen auf Fieber, wie Steigerung der Atmung, signifikant dazu beitragen können. Hinsichtlich der Frage nach der Entstehung von Epilepsien aufgrund von Fieberkrämpfen werden die Befunde zu den lang überdauernden funktionellen und morphologischen Veränderungen im Gehirn der Versuchstiere beschrieben, die nach Hyperthermieanfällen aufgetreten sind. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung der tierexperimentellen Ergebnisse für das Verständnis der Fieberkrämpfe des Menschen diskutiert.
Abstract
Febrile seizures are a very common form of pathologic brain activity in children. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms and consequences of febrile seizures, which has been obtained from animal models in experimental epilepsy research. It is shown that an increase of body temperature alone is able to induce epileptiform seizures in animals and that fever-specific factors, e.g., production of cytokines, and compensatory reactions, e.g., increased breathing, can contribute significantly. Concerning the question of epileptogenesis caused by febrile seizures, long-lasting changes of functional and morphological parameters that appear after seizures caused by hyperthermia in animal brains are described. Finally, the relevance of the results from animal models for our understanding of human febrile seizures is discussed.
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Madeja, M., Hertie-Forschungsgruppe „Spannungsgesteuerte Ionenkanäle“ am Zentrum für Physiologie, Universität Frankfurt. Pathophysiologie des Fieberkrampfes. Z. Epileptol. 22, 209–212 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-009-0064-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-009-0064-7