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Erworbene und hereditäre Thrombophilien – geeignete kontrazeptive Maßnahmen

Acquired and inherited thrombophilia—appropriate contraceptive measures

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Eine Thrombophilie ist eine erworbene oder genetisch bedingte Neigung zur Bildung von venösen und/oder arteriellen Thrombosen. Dabei gehören die Faktor-V-Leiden-Mutation sowie die Prothrombinmutation G20210A zu den häufigsten hereditären Formen. Viele Träger einer genetisch bedingten Thrombophilie bleiben jedoch auch über Jahre asymptomatisch. Häufig führen erst ein oder mehrere weitere zusätzliche Risikofaktoren zur Auslösung eines Ereignisses. Ein wichtiger Faktor ist auch die hormonelle Kontrazeption, die von rund 140 Mio. Frauen weltweit zur Verhütung angewandt wird. Neben der Östrogenkomponente als wichtiger Faktor zur Steigerung des Thromboserisikos wird auch die Wahl des Gestagens als Risikofaktor diskutiert. Gestagenmonopräparate mit Ausnahme von Depotmedroxyprogesteronacetat (DMPA) steigern das Thromboserisiko nicht. Für den Fall einer Thrombophilie konnte unter Anwendung kombinierter hormoneller Kontrazeptiva ein Multiplikationseffekt hinsichtlich des Thromboserisikos nachgewiesen werden. Methode der Wahl bei bekannter Thrombophilie ist die Anwendung eines Intrauterinpessars oder auch reiner Gestagenpräparate (mit Ausnahme von DMPA).

Abstract

Thrombophilia is defined as an inherited or acquired abnormality of hemostasis predisposing to venous and/or arterial thrombosis. The most frequent causes of inherited thrombophilia are factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation G201210A. Many carriers of inherited hypercoagulability remain asymptomatic for many years. Concomitant acquired risk factors often trigger the first thrombotic event. Among these, combined hormonal contraceptives, which are used by approximately 140 million women worldwide, play an important role. This is due to the estrogens contained in the preparations. Nevertheless, the type of progestin is also discussed as increasing the risk. Progestin-only preparations do not increase the thombotic risk (with the exception of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; DMPA). In the case of thrombophilia, a multiplication of the thrombotic risk has been detected when using combined hormonal contraception. Here, possible options are progestin-only preparations (except DMPA) and intrauterine devices.

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Correspondence to Sabine Segerer.

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S. Segerer und R. Bauersachs geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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B. Imthurn, Zürich

B. Toth, Innsbruck

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Segerer, S., Bauersachs, R. Erworbene und hereditäre Thrombophilien – geeignete kontrazeptive Maßnahmen. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 17, 134–138 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-019-0263-x

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