Zusammenfassung
RF-Amid-Peptide
RF-Amid-Peptide weisen typischerweise am C-terminalen Ende die Aminosäuresequenz Arg-Phe-NH2 auf. Wie gezeigt werden konnte, ist die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Ovar(HHO)-Achse dem regulatorischen Einfluss zweier Gruppen von RF-Amid-Peptiden ausgesetzt: zum einen dem Gonadotropin-Inhibitory-Hormon (GnIH) sowie verwandten Peptiden, zum andern den Kisspeptinen.
Rolle von GnIH und Kisspeptinen in der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Ovar-Achse
Das GnIH und verwandte Peptide hemmen die Gonadotropinfreisetzung direkt an den gonadotropen Zellen der Adenohypophyse, aber möglicherweise auch über die Hemmung der Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon(GnRH)-freisetzenden Neurone des mediobasalen Hypothalamus. Kisspeptine dagegen sind die potentesten Stimulatoren der GnRH-Freisetzung, die man heute kennt. Sowohl GnIH als auch Kisspeptine stehen unter dem negativen oder positiven Feedback durch die Sexualsteroide. Somit ermöglichen sie eine Feinregulation („fine-tuning“) der Gonadotropinsekretion und damit der HHO-Achse.
Dieser Übersichtsartikel schildert die Entdeckung der beiden Vertreter der RF-Amide, deren Verteilung im menschlichen Nervensystem und ihre Bedeutung für die HHO-Achse.
Abstract
RFamide peptides
The RFamide peptides typically possess the amino acid sequence -Arg-Phe-NH2 at the C-terminal end. It could be shown that the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian (HHO) axis is subject to the regulatory influence of two groups of RFamide peptides: gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and related peptides and the kisspeptin peptides.
Role of GnIH und kisspeptins in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis
The GnIH and related peptides inhibit release of gonadotropin directly on the gonadotropic cells of the adenhypophysis and also possibly via inhibition of the neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus which release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In contrast kisspeptin peptides are the most potent currently known stimulators of GnRH release. The GnIHs and kisspeptins are themselves controlled by negative or positive feedback of the sex steroids which allows a fine tuning of gonadotropin secretion and therefore the HHO axis.
This review article describes the discovery of both representatives of RFamide peptides, their distribution in the human nervous system and their significance for the HHO axis.
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Asymakopoulos, B., Küpker, W. & Felberbaum, R. Neue Regulatoren der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Ovar-Achse. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 11, 144–148 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-013-0552-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-013-0552-8