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Selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs)

Bewährte und neue Substanzen

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Established and new drugs

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs) werden als Substanzen definiert, die mit hoher Affinität an den Östrogenrezeptor binden und gleichzeitig keine signifikante Bindungsaktivität mit anderen nukleären Rezeptoren besitzen. Im Gegensatz zu Östrogenen führen sie aber in den diversen Zielgeweben zu „östrogenagonistischer“ oder „östrogenantagonistischer“ Wirkung. Dies erklärt sich unter anderem durch ihre Interaktion mit sog. Koregulatorproteinen, die entscheidend für die transkriptorische Aktivität des Rezeptor-Liganden-Komplexes sind. Diese Interaktion ist für jeden einzelnen SERM charakteristisch und führt zu seinem spezifischen Wirkprofil in den einzelnen Geweben, das ihn zum Teil deutlich von anderen SERMs abgrenzt. Bei den SERMs handelt es sich fast ausschließlich um nichtsteroidale Moleküle. Sie können in allen Geweben, die Östrogenrezeptoren (ER) besitzen, ihre Wirkung entfalten. Die unterschiedlichen Wirkprofile einzelner SERMs machen deutlich, dass jeder klinische Endpunkt von Interesse in entsprechenden klinischen Studien gesondert evaluiert werden muss. Eine Reihe von SERMS ist bezüglich ihrer Wirkung auf Brustkrebs untersucht worden, einige davon befinden sich noch in klinischer Erprobung, einige sind bereits zugelassen. Gleiches gilt für die in jüngerer Zeit entwickelten SERMs, die sich als hocheffektiv bei der Prävention und Therapie der Osteoporose erwiesen haben. Nebenwirkungen müssen ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden, wenn man das spezifische Wirkprofil eines SERM betrachtet.

Abstract

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are defined as substances that bind with high affinity to the estrogen receptor (ER) without significant binding activity to any other nuclear receptors. In contrast to estrogens themselves, however, they induce “estrogen-agonistic” or “estrogen-antagonistic activities” in various tissues. This can be explained among other things by their interaction with coregulator proteins, which are crucial for the transcriptional activity of the receptor–ligand complex. This interaction is unique for each SERM and leads to its specific profile of tissue-selective actions, which in some cases vary significantly from those of other SERMS. Most SERMs are nonsteroidal molecules. They may take effect in all types of tissue that contain ERs. Differences in the pattern of action of SERMs indicate that each clinical end point must be evaluated individually in appropriate clinical trials. A number of SERMs have been studied to identify their effect on breast cancer; some are still undergoing clinical trials, while others have already been approved. The same is true of recently developed SERMs that have proved highly effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Side effects must also be taken into account in the specific profile of action of each SERM.

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Interessenkonflikt

Die korrespondierende Autorin weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: Die Autorin ist als Beraterin für die Firma Wyeth tätig.

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Schaudig, K., Schwenkhagen, A. Selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs). Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 6, 205–212 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-008-0266-5

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