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Habituelle Aborte—ein multifaktorielles Krankheitsbild

Recurrent miscarriages—a multifactorial disease

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Habituelle Aborte werden definiert als mindestens 3 konsekutive Aborte mit einem Kindsgewicht von maximal 500 g und treten mit einer Häufigkeit von ca. 1% auf. Habituelle Frühaborte bis zur 14. SSW sollten in der Regel erst nach 3 Aborten in Folge abgeklärt werden, wogegen Spätaborte je nach Ursache oft bereits nach 1–2 Aborten eine gezielten Diagnostik erfordern. Die Patientinnen sind emotional stark belastet und bedürfen einer psychologisch versierten engmaschigen Betreuung. Auszuschließen sind bei habituellen Frühaborten uterine Anomalien, Thrombophilien, genetische Aberrationen sowie Endokrinopathien. Die Therapie ist streng an die Diagnostik geknüpft. Findet sich keine Ursache oder treten weitere Aborte trotz einer gezielten Therapie auf, so ist an eine immunologische Abortursache zu denken. Die Therapie immunologisch bedingter Aborte ist jedoch als experimentell einzustufen.

Abstract

Recurrent miscarriages are defined as at least three consecutive abortions with a maximum birth weight of 500 g. The prevalence is around 1%. Recurrent miscarriages should be systematically evaluated in cases of three early abortions below the 14th week of pregnancy whereas late abortions sometimes need diagnostic assessment after one to two abortions. The patients are emotionally distressed and need psychologically competent co-treatment. The diagnosis comprises the exclusion of uterine pathologies, thombophilia, genetic aberrations and endocrine disorders. The therapy is closely linked to the diagnosis. In cases of idiopathic recurrent abortions, immunological disorders have to be considered. The therapy of immunological disorders is still experimental.

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von Wolff, M., Strowitzki, T. Habituelle Aborte—ein multifaktorielles Krankheitsbild. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 3, 7–17 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-004-0095-0

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