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Prädiktion und endokrine Prävention des Mammakarzinoms

Prediction and endocrine prevention of breast cancer

  • Leitthema
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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Als Kriterien zur Einschätzung des individuellen Brustkrebsrisikos kommen anamnestische Parameter, die in standardisierten Modellen wie dem Claus- oder Gail-Modell zusammengefasst werden, der postmenopausale Serumöstradiolspiegel, die Knochendichte und die mammographische Brustdichte in Frage. Eine endokrine Prävention des Mammakarzinoms wurde in einer Vielzahl prospektiv-randomisierter Studien untersucht. Daten zur objektiven Einschätzung von Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen liegen für Tamoxifen und Raloxifen vor. Insgesamt erscheint es aufgrund der derzeit zugänglichen Daten empfehlenswert, Frauen mit Osteoporose und einem erhöhten Brustkrebsrisiko zu einer Therapie mit Raloxifen zu raten und eine präventive Therapie mit Tamoxifen nur bei solchen Frauen durchzuführen, die nach dem Gail-Modell ein deutlich erhöhtes Brustkrebsrisiko aufweisen oder gesunde Trägerinnen einer BRCA-2-Mutation bzw. Trägerinnen einer BRCA-1- oder BRCA-2-Mutation im Zustand nach Mammakarzinom sind. Zukünftige Entwicklungen zur präventiven Wirkung von Aromatasehemmern bleiben abzuwarten.

Abstract

A variety of parameters may be used to assess an individual woman’s risk of developing breast cancer, among them personal history in a standardized form, e.g. the Claus and Gail models, postmenopausal serum estradiol levels, bone mineral density, and mammographic breast density. The endocrine prevention of breast cancer using the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene has been assessed in a number of prospective randomized trials. Based on these trials, it is reasonable to recommend raloxifene to women with osteoporosis and an elevated risk of breast cancer. Tamoxifen as a breast cancer preventive agent should be limited to women who are at a significantly elevated risk according to standard models as well as to women affected by BRCA-2 mutations and those affected by either BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations who have developed unilateral breast cancer. The results of ongoing clinical trials on the preventive potential of aromatase inhibitors will be available in the near future.

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Tempfer, C., Riener, EK. Prädiktion und endokrine Prävention des Mammakarzinoms. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 2, 145–148 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-004-0067-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-004-0067-4

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