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Notes ethnobotanique et phytopharmacologique sur Trigonella foenum-graecum

  • Ethnobotanique
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Le fenugrec (Trigonella feonum-graecum L.) est une légumineuse annuelle appartenant à la famille des Fabaceae. C’est l’une des plus anciennes plantes médicinales et culinaires connues dans l’histoire. Originaire de l’Inde et de l’Afrique du Nord, elle est à présent cultivée dans diverses régions du monde, notamment en Chine, au Nord et à l’Est de l’Afrique, en Ukraine et en Grèce. Le fenugrec est connu pour exercer plusieurs propriétés médicinales importantes. Il a été utilisé pour de nombreuses indications dans la médecine ayurvédique et chinoise comme tonique général et pour améliorer le métabolisme et la santé ainsi que pour faciliter la digestion. De nombreuses études pharmacologiques et cliniques ont démontré que le fenugrec possède des effets anti-oxydant, anti-diabétique, gastroprotecteur, hépatoprotecteur, hypocholestérolémiant et hypoglycémiant en raison des effets des constituants de la graine dont des stéroïdes (diosgénine), des alcaloïdes (trigonelline), des flavonoïdes (lutéoline), des coumarines, des acides aminés (hydroxy-isoleucine), des mucilages (galactomannane), des constituants volatiles, une huile fixe et diverses autres substances. La consommation de fenugrec aux doses usuelles n’entraîne aucune toxicité. Cependant, des précautions d’utilisation sont recommandées chez les sujets souffrant d’allergies alimentaires

Abstract

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is one of the oldest cultivated spice and medicinal plants which belongs to the family Fabacecae. It is an annual leguminous crop that has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. It is native of a region extending from Northern India, but now it grows widely in the Mediterranean countries. Fenugreek is a cool climate species and grows best in sub-tropical and temperate areas. Fenugreek is highly nutritious and could greatly impact health: its seeds are good source of protein, fat, crude fiber, minerals and vitamins and contain three very important component of significant medicinal importance namely, complex carbohydrates (galactomannan), steroidal sapogenins (diosgenin) and amino acids (hydroxy-isoleucine). Therefore it is valuable as food and medicine. In addition it has a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties, as it was reported to have gastroprotective effect, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties due to its rich composition of phytochemicals. Moreover, there is no sign of toxicity, suggesting that consumption of aqueous extract of seeds of this plant is harmless to health. Nevertheless, precautions of use are recommended for patients suffering from food allergies.

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Correspondence to K. Ghédira.

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Oueslati, H.A., Ghédira, K. Notes ethnobotanique et phytopharmacologique sur Trigonella foenum-graecum . Phytothérapie 13, 234–238 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0934-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0934-2

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