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Évaluation in vitro de l’activité antibactérienne des extraits aqueux et organiques des graines de Nigella sativa L. et de Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Nigella sativa L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds

  • Article original
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué l’activité antibactérienne des extraits aqueux et des extraits issus de solvants à polarité croissante à savoir : l’hexane, l’acétone et le méthanol de deux plantes médicinales Nigella sativa L. et Foeniculum vulgare Mill. La technique de dilution en milieu liquide a été utilisée pour la détermination des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) et des concentrations minimales bactéricides (CMB). La recherche menée a concerné dix souches bactériennes impliquées dans plusieurs infections humaines (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Leclercia, Pantoea, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia, Hafnia alvei, Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méthicilline (SARM) et Listeria innocua). Le calcul des rendements des extractions a montré que le meilleur rendement est obtenu avec l’extrait hexanique avec 14,9 et 8,4 % pour Nigella sativa et Foeniculum vulgare Mill. respectivement. Par ailleurs, les résultats des observations des tests ont prouvé que tous les extraits organiques préparés ont une activité sur les bactéries étudiées. La détermination des CMI a mis en évidence des niveaux d’action variables selon les souches. Concernant Nigella sativa, l’extrait méthanolique est le plus actif suivi de l’extrait acétonique avec des CMI qui varient de 25 à 50 μg/ml et, enfin, l’extrait hexanique dont les CMI vont de 25 à 100 μg/ml. Concernant Foeniculum vulgare Mill., tous les extraits organiques ont dévoilé des CMI allant de 12,5 à 50 μg/ml. La détermination des CMB a montré que les extraits des deux plantes étudiées ont un effet bactéricide à l’exception de l’extrait hexanique de Foeniculum vulgare Mill. qui a présenté un effet bactériostatique sur Enterobacter agglomerans et sur SARM.

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of organic and aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants, Nigella sativa L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., with solvents in increasing polarity as follows: hexane, acetone and methanol. Dilution technique in liquid medium was used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentration (MBC). The research involved 10 bacterial strains implicated in several human infections (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Leclercia, Pantoea, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia, Hafnia alvei, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and Listeria innocua). The calculation yields extractions showed that the best performance is obtained with the hexane extract with 14.9 % and 8.4 % for Nigella sativa L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. respectively. In addition, the results showed that all organic extracts displayed antibacterial activity on bacteria. MIC testing revealed levels of action variables according to the strains. Nigella sativa L. on the methanol extract was the most active followed by acetone extract with MIC ranging from 25 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml and finally hexane extract with MIC ranging from 25 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml. On Foeniculum vulgare Mill., all organic extracts revealed MIC ranging from 12.5 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml. The determination of the MBC showed that extracts of the two plants studied had a bactericidal effect with the exception of the extract of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. hexane that presented a bacteriostatic effect on Enterobacter agglomerans and MRSA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de botanique, unité de mycologie, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed-V-Agdal, 4, avenue Ibn-Battouta, BP 1014 RP, 11000, Rabat, Maroc

    J. Ennadir, R. Hassikou, F. Bouazza, M. Arahou & G. Al Askari

  2. Département de bactériologie, Institut national d’hygiène, avenue Ibn-Batouta, BP 769, Agdal, Rabat, 11000, Maroc

    K. Khedid

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  1. J. Ennadir
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  2. R. Hassikou
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  3. F. Bouazza
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  4. M. Arahou
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  5. G. Al Askari
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  6. K. Khedid
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Correspondence to J. Ennadir.

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Ennadir, J., Hassikou, R., Bouazza, F. et al. Évaluation in vitro de l’activité antibactérienne des extraits aqueux et organiques des graines de Nigella sativa L. et de Foeniculum vulgare Mill.. Phytothérapie 12, 302–308 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-014-0885-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-014-0885-z

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