Résumé
La noix de kola est une source de caféine, substance psychoactive la plus consommée dans le monde. Sa richesse en tanins et polyphénols (totum) lui confère un profil d’activité biologique et un potentiel physiopharmacologique qui va bien au-delà du complexe caféine-tanin. Après une mise à jour des données, les formes et recommandations d’utilisation sont précisées.
Abstract
The kola nuts are rich in caffeine, the psychoactiv compound the more consume in the world. With high level of tannins and polyphenols, kola nuts have biological effects and a potential health benefits over the tannins-caffeine complexation. After an up to date review, we give in details the pharmaceutical forms and uses.
Références
Adeyeye EI, Asaolu SS, Aluko AO (2007) Amino acid composition of two masticatory nuts (Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola) and a snack nut (Anacardium occidentale). Int J Food Sci Nutr 58(4): 241–249
Adisa WA, Otamere HO, Osifo CU, et al. (2010) Effects of aqueous extract of kola nut (Cola nitida rubra) on reproductive hormones in rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 25(2): 121–123
Ajarem JS (1990) Effects of fresh kola-nut extract (Cola nitida) on the locomotor activities of male mice. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 16(4): 10–15
Atawodi SE, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, et al. (2007) Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl. and their antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem 55(24): 9824–9828
Atawodi SE, Mende P, Pfundstein B, et al. (1995) Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, Cola nitida and Garcinia cola. Food Chem Toxicol 33(8): 625–630
Boudjeko T, Rihouey C, Ndoumou DO, et al. (2009) Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds. Carbohydr Polym 78: 820–827
Burdock GA, Carabin IG, Crincoli CM (2009) Safety assessment of kola nut extract as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 47(8): 1725–1732
Choi SB, Park CH, Park S (2002) Effect of cola intake on insulin resistance in moderate fat-fed weaning male rats. J Nutr Biochem 13(12): 727–733
Chukwu LO, Odiete WO, Briggs LS (2006) Basal metabolic regulatory responses and rhythmic activity of mammalian heart to aqueous kola nut extracts. Afr J Biotechnol 5: 484–486
Daels-Rakotoarison DA, Kouakou G, Gressier B, et al. (2003) Effects of a caffeine-free Cola nitida nuts extract on elastase/alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor balance. J Ethnopharmacol 89(1): 143–150
Ebana RU, Madunagu BE, Ekpe ED, Otung IN (1991) Microbiological exploitation of cardiac glycosides and alkaloids from Garcinia kola, Borreria ocymoides, Kola nitida and Citrus aurantifolia. J Appl Bacteriol 71(5): 398–401
Einöther SJ, Giesbrecht T (2013) Caffeine as an attention enhancer: reviewing existing assumptions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 225(2): 251–274
Ettarh RR, Okoosi SA, Eteng MU (2000) The influence of kolanut (Cola nitida) on exploratory behaviour in rats. Pharm Biol 38(4): 281–283
Igwe WC, Ojinnaka NC (2010) Mental health of adolescents who abuse psychoactive substances in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 36: 53
Júdice PB, Magalhães JP, Santos DA, et al. (2013) A moderate dose of caffeine ingestion does not change energy expenditure but decreases sleep time in physically active males: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 38(1): 49–56
Kamagate A, Attoli L, Kone D, et al (2002) An in vitro study of the action of Kola nitida on bacterial strains implicated in dental caries and periodontal diseases. Odontostomatol Trop 25(98): 32–34
Kolade YT, Babalola CP, Olaniyi AA, Scriba GK (2008) Effect of kolanut on the pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug halofantrine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 64(1): 77–81
Kubata BK, Nagamune K, Murakami N, et al. (2005) Kola acuminata proanthocyanidins: a class of anti-trypanosomal compounds effective against Trypanosoma brucei. Int J Parasitol 35: 91–103
Morton JF (1992) Widespread tannin intake via stimulants and masticatories, especially guarana, kola nut, betel vine, and accessories. Basic Life Sci 59: 739–765
Niemenak N, Onomo PE, Fotso S, et al. (2008) Purine alkaloids and phenolic compounds in three Cola species and Garcinia kola grown in Cameroon. S Afr J Bot 74: 629–638
Odebode AC (1996) Phenolic compounds in the kola nut (Cola nitida and Cola acuminata) [Sterculiaceae]. Africa Revista de Bilologia Tropical 44: 513–515
Ojo GB, Nwoha PU, Ofusori DA, et al. (2009) Microanatomical effects of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult Wistar rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 7(1): 47–52
Orrú M, Guitart X, Karcz-Kubicha M, et al. (2013) Psychostimulant pharmacological profile of paraxanthine, the main metabolite of caffeine in humans. Neuropharmacology 67C: 476–484
Salahdeen HM, Alada AR (2009) Effect of caffeine and ethanolic extract of kolanut on glucose uptake in the canine hindlimb at rest and during contraction. Niger J Physiol Sci 24(1): 33–45
Sato T, Kinoshita Y, Tsutsumi H, et al. (2012) Characterization of creaming precipitate of tea catechins and caffeine in aqueous solution. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 60(9): 1182–1187
Shukitt-Hale B, Miller MG, Chu YF, et al. (2013) Coffee, but not caffeine, has positive effects on cognition and psychomotor behavior in aging. Age (Dordr) [Epub ahead of print]
Solipuram R, Koppula S, Hurst A, et al. (2009) Molecular and biochemical effects of a kola nut extract on androgen receptor-mediated pathways. J Toxicol ID 530279
Sonibare MA, Soladoye MO, Esan OO, Sonibare OO (2009) Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of four species of Cola Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 6(4): 518–525
Umoren EB, Osim EE, Udoh PB (2009) The comparative effects of chronic consumption of kola nut (Cola nitida) and caffeine diets on locomotor behaviour and body weights in mice. Niger J Physiol Sci 24(1): 73–78
Vaille A, Balansard G, Jadot G (1993) Effects of a subacute treatment in rats by a fresh cola extract on EEG and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 45(4): 791–796
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Bureau, L. Kola. Phytothérapie 11, 126–129 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-013-0769-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-013-0769-7