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Composés bioactifs des Crucifères : un apport bénéfique dans notre quotidien

Bioactive compounds from crucifers: a beneficial gain in our everyday life

  • Article de synthèse
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Les Crucifères, ou Brassicacées, constituent une famille importante de plantes — moutarde, chou, radis, navet, cresson, roquette, wasabi, colza, etc. — qui sont couramment utilisées en alimentation humaine et animale, mais aussi dans des applications pharmaceutiques, cosmétiques et tinctoriales. Du point de vue phytochimique, cette famille végétale est caractérisée par des produits naturels soufrés appelés glucosinolates (GLs). Lorsque les cellules de ces plantes sont endommagées, les glucosinolates sont dégradés par la myrosinase, une enzyme présente dans des compartiments cellulaires séparés, libérant ainsi de nombreuses molécules. Des isothiocyanates (ITCs) sont majoritairement formés, mais aussi des nitriles, thiocyanates et oxazolidinethiones, selon la structure du glucosinolate (GL) de départ et les conditions physicochimiques de l’hydrolyse. Nous présentons quelques exemples d’utilisation des extraits végétaux de Brassicacées, en évoquant certaines avancées, notamment sur la mise en évidence de bioactivités des ITCs et des glucosinolates.

Abstract

Crucifers, i.e. Brassicaceae, constitute a large family of plants — mustard, cabbage, radish, turnip, cress, rocket, wasabi, oilseed rape, etc. — that are routinely used in human and animal nutrition but also as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and dyes. From a phytochemical point of view, this plant family is characterized by sulfur-containing natural products called glucosinolates (GLs). When the plant cells are damaged, glucosinolates are degraded by myrosinase, an enzyme present in separate cell compartments, thus generating diverse molecules. Isothiocyanates are mainly formed but nitriles, thiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones can also be produced, depending on the structure of the starting glucosinolate (GL) and physicochemical conditions of hydrolysis. We present some prospects for the utilization of cruciferous plant extracts. We address some of the achievements, mainly highlighting the bioactivities of isothiocyanates and glucosinolates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada

    S. Montaut

  2. Institut de chimie organique et analytique, UMR-CNRS 7311, université d’Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans cedex 02, France

    P. Rollin & A. Tatibouët

  3. Consiglio per la Ricerca e le Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy

    G. R. De Nicola & R. Iori

Authors
  1. S. Montaut
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  2. P. Rollin
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  3. G. R. De Nicola
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  4. R. Iori
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  5. A. Tatibouët
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Correspondence to S. Montaut.

Additional information

Communication présentée lors du 13e Symposium international d’aromathérapie et plantes médicinales (1–3 avril 2011, Grasse, France).

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Montaut, S., Rollin, P., De Nicola, G.R. et al. Composés bioactifs des Crucifères : un apport bénéfique dans notre quotidien. Phytothérapie 10, 342–349 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-012-0740-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-012-0740-z

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