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Potentialité des huiles essentielles dans la lutte biologique contre la mouche blanche Bemisia tabaci Genn.

Potentiality of essential oils for control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn., a greenhouse pest

  • Article original
  • Aromathérapie
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Phytothérapie

Résumé

Les huiles essentielles (HE) de trois espèces aromatiques récoltées en Côte-d’Ivoire, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca leucadendron et Erigeron floribundus, ont été analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CG/DIF) et chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CG/SM); les profils chromatographiques obtenus ont été comparés à ceux de leur espace de tête (ET). Les composés majeurs de l’essence de Lippia multiflora et de son ET sont le linalol, le 1,8-cinéole, le (E)-nérolidol et le citral. L’HE de Melaleuca leucadendron et son ET sont dominés par le 1,8-cinéole, le viridiflorol et l’α-terpinéol. Le limonène, le (Z)-β-farnésène, le (E)-β-caryophyllène et le (Z)-lachnophyllate de méthyle sont les composés majoritaires de l’HE d’Erigeron floribundus tandis que le limonène associé au myrcène et au germacrène D prédomine dans l’ET. L’évaluation de l’effet insecticide de ces HE contre la mouche blanche Bemisia tabaci a été réalisée au laboratoire par une méthode de fumigation dans un récipient clos. Les résultats montrent un effet insecticide des trois HE pour une dose de 0,4 μl d’HE/l d’air après 24 heures d’exposition, avec une efficacité significativement plus élevée dans le cas de Lippia multiflora et de Melaleuca leucadendron (TL50 < 1 heure). La relation composition chimique des HE/activité biologique et leurs potentialités comme bio-insecticides sont discutées.

Abstract

The essential oils of the three aromatic plants Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca leucadendron and Erigeron floribundus collected in Ivory Coast were analyzed by GC and GC/MS; their chemical compositions were compared to those of their headspace extracted by a Monotrap method. The major components of Lippia multiflora essential oil were the same in its headspace: linalool, 1,8-cineole, (E)-nerolidol and citral. The essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron as well as its headspace were dominated by 1,8-cineole, viridiflorol and α-terpineol. Limonene, (Z)-β-farnesene, (E)-β-caryophyllene and (Z)-methyl lachnophyllate were the major components of Erigeron floribundus essential oil while its headspace was characterized by high amounts of limonene, myrcene and germacrene D. The essential oils were tested against Bemisia tabaci using a fumigation method. The three samples presented an insecticidal activity after 24 hours. Nevertheless, Erigeron floribundus essential oil was less efficient compared to the other ones. The relationship chemical composition/biological activity and the potential uses of these essential oils as biopesticides are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de biotechnologies, unité de formation et de recherche en biosciences, université de Cocody Abidjan 22, BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte-d’Ivoire

    E. V. Tia & S. Niamké

  2. Cirad UMR-110 Intrepid, 73, rue Jean-François-Breton, F-34398, Montpellier cedex 05, France

    P. Lozano & Y. F. Lozano

  3. faculté de pharmacie, Institut des biomolécules Max-Mousseron (IBMM), 15, avenue Charles-Flahault, BP 14491, F-34093, Montpellier, France

    C. Menut

  4. Cirad UR Hortsys, Campus international de Baillarguet — TA, B-103, F-34398, Montpellier cedex 05, France

    T. Martin

  5. Laboratoire de chimie de l’eau et des substances naturelles (Lacesna), Institut national polytechnique Houphouet-Boigny (INPHB), BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte-d’Ivoire

    A. A. Adima

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  1. E. V. Tia
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Tia, E.V., Lozano, P., Menut, C. et al. Potentialité des huiles essentielles dans la lutte biologique contre la mouche blanche Bemisia tabaci Genn.. Phytothérapie 11, 31–38 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-012-0736-8

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