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Évaluation de l’activité antimicrobienne de Thymus vulgaris et de Laurus nobilis, plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and Laurus nobilis, plants which are used in traditional medicine

  • Article de synthèse
  • Ethnopharmacologie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Notre travail a porté sur l’étude des extraits bruts de feuilles de deux plantes aromatiques Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) et Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae). Les extraits ont été soumis à un criblage pour leur activité antimicrobienne possible in vitro, contre sept souches de bactéries pathogènes et une espèce de levure, en employant la méthode de diffusion à partir d’un disque solide. Tous les extraits ont réagi positivement au moins sur une des souches microbiennes testées. Les extraits d’une même plante ont montré des activités différentes, et les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) ont été déterminées à partir des extraits les plus actifs en milieu gélosé, l’extrait d’éther de pétrole (EP) de Thymus vulgaris a témoigné d’une forte activité antimicrobienne même vis-à-vis de souches multirésistantes aux antibiotiques. Globalement, l’activité antimicrobienne de Thymus vulgaris est plus importante que celle de Laurus nobilis avec un spectre antimicrobien plus large et à des doses plus faibles. L’analyse par chromatographie liquide à haute performance (pression) [CLHP] de ces extraits a révélé la présence de quelques groupes phénoliques susceptibles d’exprimer les activités recherchées, et leurs teneurs ont été déterminées par spectrophotométrie.

Abstract

Our work has focused on the study of crude extracts of leaves of two aromatic plants Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) and Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae). The extracts were subjected to screening for their possible antimicrobial activity in vitro against seven strains of pathogenic bacteria and yeast species, using the diffusion method from a solid disc. All extracts reacted positively on at least one of the microbial strains tested. The extracts of the same plant showed different activities and MICs were determined from the most active extracts in agar medium, the extract of Thymus vulgaris EP has demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity even against strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. Overall, the antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris is more important than the Laurus nobilis with a broader antimicrobial spectrum and lower doses. HPLC analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of some phenolic groups likely to express the desired activities and their contents were determined by spectrophotometry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de chimie des matériaux et des vivants : activité et réactivité, département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université EL-Hadj-Lakhdar, Batna, 05000, Algérie

    G. Yakhlef, S. Laroui & L. Hambaba

  2. Laboratoire de chimie et phytochimie, département de chimie, faculté des sciences, université EL-Hadj-Lakhdar, Batna, 05000, Algérie

    M.-C. Aberkane

  3. Laboratoire de microbiologie et immunologie, département de vétérinaire, faculté des sciences, université EL-Hadj-Lakhdar, Batna, 05000, Algérie

    A. Ayachi

Authors
  1. G. Yakhlef
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  2. S. Laroui
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  3. L. Hambaba
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  4. M.-C. Aberkane
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  5. A. Ayachi
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Correspondence to G. Yakhlef.

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Yakhlef, G., Laroui, S., Hambaba, L. et al. Évaluation de l’activité antimicrobienne de Thymus vulgaris et de Laurus nobilis, plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. Phytothérapie 9, 209–218 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-011-0641-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-011-0641-6

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