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Effets pharmacodynamiques d’un extrait hydroalcoolique de Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) sur le système cardiovasculaire, la respiration et l’activité mécanique intestinale de mammifères

Pharmacodynamic effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Curcumalonga Linné (Zingiberaceae) on the cardiovascular system, respiratory activity and mechanical activity of duodenal strips of mammalians

  • Article Original
  • Pharmocognosie
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Phytothérapie

Résumé

L’étude des effets pharmacologiques d’un extrait hydroalcoolique de Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) [Cl] sur la pression artérielle couplée à la respiration du lapin dans un intervalle de concentrations compris entre 5,5 × 10−4 et 4,4 × 10−2 g/kg de PC montre que cette substance d’origine végétale induit des effets hypotenseurs dose-dépendants. Ces effets s’accompagnent d’une augmentation de la fréquence et d’une diminution de l’amplitude respiratoire. Dans un intervalle de concentrations compris entre 10−6 et 10−3 mg/ml, ce même extrait provoque des effets inotrope et chronotrope négatifs dose-dépendants sur le coeur isolé de rat. Par ailleurs, il induit une forte diminution dose-dépendante des contractions rythmiques du duodénum isolé du lapin à des concentrations comprises entre 2 × 10−2 et 1,2 × 10−1 mg/ml. Ces effets négatifs de l’extrait hydroalcoolique de cette espèce végétale rappellent les effets bien connus des antagonistes calciques. Afin de comprendre le mécanisme d’action des substances contenues dans cet extrait, nous avons comparé les interactions entre acétylcholine (ACH)-Cl et ACH-atropine (ATR) et chlorure de baryum (BaCl2)-ATR-Cl pour trois concentrations différentes de BaCl2. La présence de substances anticalciques dans l’extrait hydroalcoolique de cette plante est confirmée par le fait que, contrairement à l’ATR qui est un inhibiteur compétitif des récepteurs cholinergiques muscariniques, Cl inhibe les effets inotropes positifs induits par le BaCl2 qui est un stimulateur de la motilité intestinale comparable au calcium. L’augmentation du rythme respiratoire du lapin induit par l’extrait brut de Curcuma longa pourrait être due à l’existence dans cet extrait de substances autres que les substances anticalciques.

Abstract

The pharmacological effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) [Cl] were studied on blood pressure coupled to respiratory activity of rabbit in concentration ranging from 5,5 × 10−4 to 4,4 × 10−2 g/kg of b.w. showed that this vegetal extract induced dose-dependent hypotension effect. These effects were accompanied by a increase of frequency and decrease of respiratory range. At the concentrations ranging from 10−6 to 10−3 mg/ml, this same extract induced dose-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart isolated from rat. Moreover, it induced a significant dose-dependent decrease of the rhythmical contractions of the isolated duodenal from rabbit at the concentrations ranging 2 × 10−2 to 1,2 × 10−1 mg/ml. The negative effects caused by this vegetable specie recalled those of calcium channel blockers. Therefore, the interaction ACH-Cl and ACH-ATR on the one hand and BaCl2-ATR-Cl on the other hand were achieved to understand the action mechanism of the substances contained in the extract. Unlike atropine, a muscarinic cholinoceptors, Cl inhibited the positive inotropic effects induced by barium chloride, a stimultor of intestinal motility similar to calcium. It was then suggested that Cl could act like calcium channel inhibitors. Finally, the increase in the respiratory rhythm of rabbit induced by Curcuma longa could be due to the presence of other substances different to calcium channel blockers in Cl.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de physiologie animale, UFR biosciences, université d’Abidjan-Cocody, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte-d’Ivoire

    G. M. Bleu, F. Traoré, S. Coulibaly & S. A. Nene-Bi

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Bleu, G.M., Traoré, F., Coulibaly, S. et al. Effets pharmacodynamiques d’un extrait hydroalcoolique de Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) sur le système cardiovasculaire, la respiration et l’activité mécanique intestinale de mammifères. Phytothérapie 9, 7–17 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-010-0600-7

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