Skip to main content
Log in

Étude de l’effet antidiabétique des saponines extraites d’Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, plante utilisée traditionnellement en Algérie

Study of anti-diabetic effect of saponins extracted from Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, a plant traditionally used in Algeria

  • Article Original
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Anabasis articulata (Chenopodiaceae) est une plante utilisée par la médecine traditionnelle algérienne comme remède pour le traitement du diabète. Lors de nos différentes expériences, nous avions relevé que l’extrait aqueux ne montre aucune toxicité aux doses, allant jusqu’à 1 000 mg/kg pendant des traitements (24 et 72 heures). Les expériences menées sur des souris normales et sur un modèle de souris diabétiques (induction du diabète expérimental par l’alloxane) ont révélé que l’administration orale de la dose de 400 mg/kg entraînait une diminution de 29,89 % de la glycémie (p < 0,05) après six heures de traitement et correspondait à la plus forte diminution chez des souris normales (effet hypoglycémiant). Ces résultats ont montré également que l’administration orale de cette même dose diminue la glycémie de 74,48 % (p < 0,05) chez les souris diabétiques, 21 jours après le traitement. Le screening phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence des saponines et des alcaloïdes au niveau de l’extrait étudié avec un pourcentage de 1,25 et 1,30 %, respectivement. Nos résultats ont montré que la fraction contenant les saponines triterpénoïdes présentait une activité antihyperglycémiante significative à la dose de 5 mg/kg. Cette dose a permis de rétablir le taux de glycémie normal chez les souris diabétiques après 21 jours de traitement, alors que la traction alcaloïdique n’a pas d’effet sensible. La présente étude confirme l’absence de toxicité en subaiguë et confirme également l’usage traditionnel des effets antidiabétiques et d’Anabasis articulata avec le support d’activité au niveau de la fraction comportant des saponines triterpénoïdes.

Abstract

Anabasis articulata is a plant used by Algerian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes. The aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic until at 1,000 mg/kg during period (24 and 72 hours). Experiments were performed in non-diabetic mice, and in diabetic mice (alloxan treated mice). Our results showed that the orally administration at a dose of 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 29.89% (p < 0.05), 6 hours after administration, corresponding to the greatest decrease of blood glucose in normoglycaemic mice (hypoglycemic effect). They also show that orally administration at 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 74.48% (p < 0.05) 21 days after treatment. Phytochemical screening exhibited that the aqueous extract contains alkaloid and saponin components with percentage 1.25 and 1.30%, respectively. Our findings displayed that saponin (at 5 mg/kg) was the active fraction, as it permitted to restore the normal blood glucose levels, after 21 days of treatment, and that the alkaloid fraction did not significantly reduce the blood glucose level. The present study shows the no toxic effect in sub-acute administration and to confirm the anti-diabetic traditional use of Anabasis articulata. With active support in saponin’s triterpenoids compounds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Références

  1. Abdel-Hassan IA, Abdel-Barry JA, Tariq Mohammeda S (2000) The hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit aqueous extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 325–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdel-Zaher AO, Salim SY, Assaf MH, et al. (2005) Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of Zizyphus spina-christi leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 101: 129–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Alarcon-Aguilara FJ, Roman-Ramos R, Perez-Gutierrez S, et al. (1998) Study of the antihyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics. J Ethnopharmacol 61: 101–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bellakhdar J, Claisse R, Fleurentin J, et al. (1991) Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia. J Ethnopharmacol 35: 123–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Carter D (2004) Diabetes mellitus an update for healthcare professionals. British Medical Association Board of Science and Education. BMA Publications Unit

  6. Puri D (2001) The insulinotropic activity of a Nepalese medicinal plant Biophytum sensitivum: preliminary experimental study. J Ethnopharmacol 78: 89–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Lemhadri A, et al. (2002) Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac diseases in the southeast region of Morocco (Tafilalet). J Ethnopharmacol 82: 97–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hammiche V, Maiza K (2006) Traditional medicine in Central Sahara: pharmacopoeia of Tassili N’ajjer. J Ethnopharmacol 105: 358–367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hmamouchi M (1999) Les plantes médicinales et aromatiques marocaines. Ed CNCPRST, pp. 104

  10. Hughes JB, Sousa JS, Barreto RA, et al. (2005) Cytotoxic effects of an extract containing alkaloids obtained from Prosopis juliflora Sw. D. C. (Algaroba) pods on glioblastoma cells. Rev Bras Sau de Prod Ann 6: 31–41

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kang KA, Chae S, Koh, YS, et al. (2005) Protective effect of puerariae radix on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and streptozotocin. Biol Pharm Bull 28: 1154–1160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Nicholas V (1956) The determination of glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent. Indian J Biol Chem 220: 583

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nojima H, Kimura I, Chen FJ, et al. (1998) Antihyperglycemic effects of N-containing sugars from Xanthocercis zambesiaca, Mours bombycis, Aglaonema trenbii, and Castanospermum australe in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. J Natural Products 61: 397–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sandberg F, Michel KH (1962) Phytochemische Studien Uber die Flora Agyptens.6. Uber die Saponine und Prosapogenine Von Anabasis articulata. Lloydia 25: 142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sandberg F, Shalaby AF (1960) Phytochemical studies on the flora of Egypt. IV. The saponins of Anabasis articulata (Forsk). Moq.-Tand. in DC. and Anabasis setifera Moq.-Tand. Sven Farm Tidskr 64: 677–690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Segal R, Goldzweig-Milo I, Zaitschek DV (1969) The sapogenin content of Anabasis articulata. Phytochemistry 8: 521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sepici A, Gurbuz I, Cevik C, Yesilada E (2004) Hypoglycaemic effects of myrtle oil in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol 93: 311–318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Trease GE, Evans WC (1983) Pharmacognosy. Bailliere Tindall Press, London, pp. 309–706

    Google Scholar 

  19. Turner MA (1965) Screening methods in pharmacology. Academic Press, New York, p. 26

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wagner H, Bladt S (1996) Plant drug analysis: a thin layer chromatography Atlas (2nd Ed). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 258–261

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ziyyat A, Legssyer H, Mekhfi H, et al. (1997) Phytotherapy of hypertension and diabetes in oriental Morocco. J Ethnopharmacol 58: 45–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Soulimani.

About this article

Cite this article

Kambouche, N., Merah, B., Derdour, A. et al. Étude de l’effet antidiabétique des saponines extraites d’Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, plante utilisée traditionnellement en Algérie. Phytothérapie 7, 197–201 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-009-0403-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-009-0403-x

Mots clés

Keywords

Navigation