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L’olivier

Olivetree

  • Article de Synthèse
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

L’olivier, arbre typiquement méditerranéen, se caractérise par un fruit, l’olive, dont l’huile est un composant essentiel du régime méditerranéen. Riche en acides gras insaturés, en vitamine E et en polyphénols (notamment en hydroxytyrosol), l’huile d’olive présente essentiellement des propriétés antioxydantes, antihypertensives, antiagrégantes plaquettaires responsables d’effets préventifs des maladies cardiovasculaires. La consommation régulière de cette huile a des effets bénéfiques dans certains troubles de l’appareil digestif et hépatobiliaire, dans l’ostéoporose, dans la prévention du vieillissement et dans le renforcement du système immunitaire. L’huile d’olive exerce un effet protecteur vis-à-vis de certaines tumeurs malignes et diminue l’incidence de certains types de cancer.

La feuille d’olivier est riche en triterpènes, flavonoïdes, sécoiridoïdes dont l’oleuropéoside et en acides phénols. Elle exerce des activités antioxydantes, hypotensives, spasmolytiques, hypoglycémiantes, hypocholestérolémiantes et antiseptiques, outre les propriétés diurétiques pour lesquelles elle est utilisée sous forme de spécialité phytothérapeutique.

Abstract

Olive tree is a typical Mediterranean tree whose fruit provides the olive oil which is an essential component of the Mediterranean diet. Olive oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, Vitamin E and polyphenols (mainly hydroxytyrosol), has antioxidant, antihypertensive and platelet antiaggregating properties, which have a preventive effect with respect to cardiovascular diseases. Regular consumption of olive oil has a beneficial effect on some ailments of the digestive and hepatobiliary systems and osteoporosis, as well as having anti-aging properties and strengthening the immune system. Olive oil also has a protective effect with respect to certain malignant tumours and decreases the incidence of certain types of cancer. The leaf of the olive tree is rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids, secoiridoids (including oleuropein) and phenolic acids. It has antioxidant, hypotensive, antispasmodic, hypoglycaemic, cholesterol-lowering and antiseptic properties, as well as being a diuretic, for which it is used in phytotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. enseignant au Dumenat de Phytothérapie, Paris-XIII, Bobigny, France

    K. Ghedira

  2. Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie

    K. Ghedira

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  1. K. Ghedira
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Correspondence to K. Ghedira.

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Ghedira, K. L’olivier. Phytothérapie 6, 83–89 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-008-0294-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-008-0294-2

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