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Endophytic fungi: expanding the arsenal of industrial enzyme producers

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  • Published:
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

Abstract

Endophytic fungi, mostly belonging to the Ascomycota, are found in the intercellular spaces of the aerial plant parts, particularly in leaf sheaths, sometimes even within the bark and root system without inducing any visual symptoms of their presence. These fungi appear to have a capacity to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. However, they have been only barely exploited as sources of enzymes of industrial interest. This review emphasizes the suitability and possible advantages of including the endophytic fungi in the screening of new enzyme producing organisms as well as in studies aiming to optimize the production of enzymes through well-known culture processes. Apparently endophytic fungi possess the two types of extracellular enzymatic systems necessary to degrade the vegetal biomass: (1) the hydrolytic system responsible for polysaccharide degradation consisting mainly in xylanases and cellulases; and (2) the unique oxidative ligninolytic system, which degrades lignin and opens phenyl rings, comprises mainly laccases, ligninases and peroxidases. The obvious ability of endophytic fungi to degrade the complex structure of lignocellulose makes them useful in the exploration of the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fuel ethanol and other value-added commodity chemicals. In addition to this, endophytic fungi may become new sources of industrially useful enzymes such as lipases, amylases and proteases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq, Proc. 563260/2010-6 and Proc. 477825/2012-5) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). R.M.P., M.L.T.M.P. and A.B. are research fellows of CNPq. R.C.G.C. and T.R.M. are research fellows of CAPES.

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  1. Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

    Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa, Thatiane Rodrigues Mota, Cristina Giatti Marques de Souza, Adelar Bracht & Rosane Marina Peralta

  2. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

    Sandro Augusto Rhoden & João Alencar Pamphile

  3. Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    João Lúcio Azevedo

  4. Department of Biology, Philosophy, Sciences and Letters School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli

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  1. Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa
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Correspondence to Rosane Marina Peralta.

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Corrêa, R.C.G., Rhoden, S.A., Mota, T.R. et al. Endophytic fungi: expanding the arsenal of industrial enzyme producers. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41, 1467–1478 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-014-1496-2

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