Abstract
This study investigates the sub-daily polar motion (PM) derived from different estimation interval solutions ranging from 5 min/2 h. By analyzing a 3-year continuous time series of the PM estimates using Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, we conclude that PM should be parameterized as piecewise constant for intervals no longer than 30 min, while piecewise linear parameterization is more appropriate for longer intervals. The inconsistencies between the estimates and the background sub-daily PM model become more pronounced as the estimation intervals become shorter. The results demonstrate that applying continuity constraints enhances the accuracy of PM rate parameter estimation by approximately 20%. However, it is noteworthy that continuity constraints significantly modify and smooth the high-frequency content of the signal in PM. Therefore, when employing piecewise linear estimation, it is not recommended to use continuity constraints. Moreover, we find that sub-daily PM estimates are influenced by artificial signals, primarily caused by the resonance between the earth rotation and satellite revolution periods. These resonance signals are more obvious as the estimation interval becomes shorter, particularly at 4.8 and 8-h periods in the prograde and retrograde spectra, respectively. Finally, we implemented a sub-daily PM series with a 5-min temporal resolution and examined the recovery of the tidal coefficients for 38 tides. Overall, the residual signal amplitudes were generally small, with most of the main ocean tides below 5 μas. The largest residual signals were observed for S1 and K1 terms, with amplitudes of 13.1 and 18.0 μas, respectively.
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The GNSS data of MGEX are provided by the IGS and can be accessed through https://cddis.nasa.gov.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks for the data support of IGS and IERS. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41931075, 42374033) and the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (No. 2022BAA054). The numerical calculations in this paper have been done on the supercomputing system in the Supercomputing Center of Wuhan University. Finally, we thank Prof. Aleksander Brzeziński and the anonymous reviewers for the thorough review and constructive comments that improved quality.
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Peng, Y., Lou, Y., Dai, X. et al. Analysis of sub-daily polar motion derived from GPS with different temporal resolutions. GPS Solut 28, 33 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01573-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01573-8