Skip to main content
Log in

GPS/VRS positioning using atmospheric modeling

  • Original Article
  • Published:
GPS Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Real-time dense GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) networks have recently become available in many countries. They allow centimeter-level positioning accuracy using a network-based strategy. When such networks are unavailable, alternative methods are needed to achieve accurate positioning. We present an alternative approach implemented in Brazil to realize network-based positioning and the VRS (Virtual Reference Station) concept. We do not resolve integer ambiguities between reference stations but derive the network corrections from external atmospheric models. The method was tested using the São Paulo State Network of Brazil, where the reference stations are about 200 km apart. Accuracy on the level of decimeters was achieved, which is suitable for many applications in Brazil. The description of the method, results and an analysis is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from €37.37 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Netherlands)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alves DBM, Monico JFG (2009) Geração de Dados GPS de Pseudodistância de uma Estação Virtual: métodos, Implementação e Análise dos Resultados. Pesquisa em Geociências (in press)

  • Alves DBM, Monico JFG, Dalbelo LFA, Sapucci LF, Camargo PO (2006) VRS Concept Using NWP and Mod_Ion_FK: preliminary results in Brazil. Proceedings of the International FIG Congress. Munique. Germany

  • Alves DBM, Dalbelo LFA, Monico JFG, Camargo PO, Aguiar CR (2007a) Evaluating the performance of a Brazilian ionosphere model in VRS concept. Proceedings of the International Beacon Satellite Symposium. Boston. MA

  • Alves DBM, Monico JFG, Dalbelo LFA, Sapucci LF (2007b) Generating VRS data using atmospheric models: how far can we go? Proceedings of the ION GNSS 2007. Fort Worth. Texas

  • Camargo PO (2009) Quality of TEC estimated with Mod_Ion using GPS and GLONASS data. Mathematical problems in engineering, v. 2009, p 16. Article ID. 794578, doi: 10.1155/2009/794578

  • Camargo PO, Monico JFG, Ferreira LDD (2000) Application of ionospheric corrections in the equatorial region for L1 GPS users. Earth Planets Space 52:1083–1089

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler H-J, Keenan CR, Zebhauser BE, Wübbena G (2001) Study of a simplified approach in utilizing information from permanent reference station arrays, Proceedings of ION GPS 2001, Salt Lake City, UT, 379–391

  • Fortes LPS, Cannon ME, Lachapelle G, Skone S (2003) Optimizing a network-based RTK method for OTF Positioning. GPS Solut 7:61–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fotopoulos G, Cannon ME (2000) Spatial and temporal characteristics of DGPS carrier phase errors over a regional network. Proceedings of the International Associations of the Institute of Navigation (IAIN). San Diego. CA

  • Fotopoulos G, Cannon ME (2001) An overview of multi-reference station methods for cm-level positioning. GPS Solut 4(3):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Li Z (1998) Ionosphere effect and modeling for regional area differential GPS network. Proceedings of the ION GPS 1998. Nashville. Tennessee

  • Hu GR, Khoo HS, Goh PC, Law CL (2003) Development and assessment of GPS virtual reference stations for RTK positioning. J Geod 77:292–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen V (2009) A Comparison of the VRS and MAC principles for network RTK. Proceedings of the IGNSS Symposium. Australia

  • Jensen ABO, Tscherning CC, Madsen F (2003) Integrating numerical weather predictions in GPS positioning. Proceedings of the ION GPS 2003—16th International Technical Meeting. Portland. Oregon

  • Jupp SM, Powe J, Owen J, Butcher (2003) Use of Numerical weather prediction fields for the improvement of tropospheric corrections in global positioning applications. Proceedings of the ION GPS 2003—16th International Technical Meeting. Portland. Oregon

  • Landau H, Vollath U, Chen X (2002) Virtual reference station systems. J Glob Positioning Syst 1(2):137–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odijk D (2000) Precise GPS positioning by applying ionospheric corrections from an active control network. GPS Solut 3(3):49–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raquet J (1998) Test of a 400 × 600 km network of reference receivers for precise kinematic carrier-phase positioning in Norway. Proceedings of the ION GPS 1998, Nashville, TN

  • Retscher G (2002) Accuracy performance of virtual reference station (VRS) networks. J Glob Positioning Syst 1(1):40–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapucci LF, Machado LAT, Monico JFG (2006) Previsões do Atraso Zenital Troposférico para a América do Sul: variabilidade Sazonal e Avaliação da Qualidade. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia. N.58/3

  • Sapucci LF, Machado LAT, Monico JFG (2007) Plana-fattori. A. Intercomparison of integrated water vapor estimative from multi-sensor in Amazonian regions. J Atmos Ocean Technol 24:1880–1894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeber G (2003) Satellite geodesy: foundations, methods, and applications. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Spilker JJ Jr (1996) Tropospheric effects on GPS. In: Parkinson BW, Spilker JJ Jr (eds) Global positioning system: theory and applications, vol 1. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, pp 517–546

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Marel H (1998) Virtual GPS reference stations in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the ION GPS 1998. Nashville. Tennessee

  • Varner CC (2000) DGPS Carrier phase networks and partial derivative algorithms. 175f. Thesis (PhD)—University of Calgary. Calgary

  • Wübbena G, Bagge A, Seeber G, Boder V, Hankemeier P (1996) Reducing distance dependent errors for real-time precise DGPS applications by establishing reference station networks. Proceedings of the ION GPS 1996. Kansas City. Missouri

  • Zhang K, Roberts C (2003) network-based real-time kinematic positioning system: current development in Australia. Proceedings of the Geoinformatics and Surveying Conference. 2003. The Institute of Surveyor. Malaysia

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank FAPESP for financial support provided to the first author (post-doctoral scholarship, 2008/06499-9 process) and to the Thematic Project (2006/04008-2 process). Thanks to Dr. Paulo de Oliveira Camargo and PhD student Claudinei Rodrigues de Aguiar of UNESP for providing the Mod-Ion Model. Thanks to Dr. Luiz Fernando Sapucci, from CPTEC/INPE for providing PNT data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniele Barroca Marra Alves.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Alves, D.B.M., Monico, J.F.G. GPS/VRS positioning using atmospheric modeling. GPS Solut 15, 253–261 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0187-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0187-3

Keywords