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Roles of catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing

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Abstract

Catechols are a class of compounds that contain adjacent hydroxyl groups on a benzene ring. Endogenous catechols in human plasma include the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine; the catecholamine precursor DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), which is the main neuronal metabolite of norepinephrine; and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which is the main neuronal metabolite of dopamine. In the diagnostic evaluation of patients with known or suspected dysautonomias, measurement of plasma catechols is rarely diagnostic but often is informative. This review summarizes the roles of clinical catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing.

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Abbreviations

AAD:

Autoimmunity-associated autonomic failure with sympathetic denervation

AAG:

Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ANS:

Autonomic nervous system

AR:

Aldehyde/aldose reductase

COI:

Chronic orthostatic intolerance

COMT:

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

Cys-Dopamine:

5-S-Cysteinyldopamine

Cys-DOPA:

5-S-Cysteinyldopa

DAN:

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

DBH:

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

DHPG:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol

DHPR:

Dihydropteridine reductase

DLB:

Dementia with Lewy bodies

DOPAC:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DOPAL:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

DOPEGAL:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

FD:

Familial dysautonomia

HSAN:

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy

LAAAD:

L-Aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

MSA-P:

Parkinsonian form of multiple system atrophy

NET:

Cell membrane norepinephrine transporter

OI:

Orthostatic intolerance

PAF:

Pure autonomic failure

PD+OH:

Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension

POTS:

Postural tachycardia syndrome

SAI:

Sympathoadrenal imbalance

SAS:

Sympathetic adrenergic system

SNS:

Sympathetic noradrenergic system

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

VMAT:

Vesicular monoamine transporter

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Acknowledgements

The research reported here was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, NINDS, NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1620, USA

    David S. Goldstein

  2. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA

    William P. Cheshire

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Correspondence to David S. Goldstein.

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Goldstein, D.S., Cheshire, W.P. Roles of catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing. Clin Auton Res 28, 273–288 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0528-9

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