Abstract
Over the past three years, as the euro area has struggled with high levels of sovereign debt, it has been gradually developing into a debt union. However, this is not a sustainable arrangement. This article proposes two alternatives to a debt union — a fiscal union and a monetary union with fiscal freedom — and evaluates the pros and cons of each approach.
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Prof. Dr. Jürgen von Hagen is Director at the Institute for International Economic Policy at the University of Bonn, a Reseach Fellow of CEPR (Centre for Economic Policy Research) and Vice President at the Portuguese Public Finance Council.