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Do the clinical criteria used to diagnose periodontitis affect the association with prematurity?

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Abstract

In recent years, several studies have examined the possible relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and preterm birth. One of the difficulties facing these studies is the heterogeneity of the clinical criteria used to define periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the degree of association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth according to different consensus definitions of periodontal disease. In a study of 146 mothers (60 with preterm births and 86 with term deliveries) at the Sant Joan de Déu Maternal and Children’s Hospital in Barcelona, a periodontal examination was carried out within 2 days of birth and the presence of periodontal disease was evaluated using the main clinical classifications published in the literature. The prevalence of periodontitis ranged from 25.4 to 52.1%, depending on the criteria used for its definition. Using the most restrictive criteria, pregnant women with periodontitis had a higher risk of preterm birth (OR: 7.49; p < 0.001) and premature rupture of membranes (OR: 2.49; p = 0.017). Premature infants born to mothers with periodontitis presented a tendency toward low weight, adjusted for gestational age (OR: 3.32; p = 0.065). Our findings suggest that the association between periodontitis and preterm birth is influenced by the definitions of periodontitis used.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr Rivera-Baró, Dr Tobella-Camps and Dr Aznar-Gómez, members of the Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group at the Sant Joan de Déu Hospital Research Institute, for their generous assistance. Likewise, we express special gratitude to the nursing and midwifery staff of the maternity department. The authors also thank Michael Maudsley, an expert in scientific English, for editing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Moncunill-Mira, Lluís Brunet-Llobet & Jaume Miranda-Rius

  2. Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Moncunill-Mira, Lluís Brunet-Llobet & Jaume Miranda-Rius

  3. Statistics Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (FSJD), Barcelona, Spain

    Daniel Cuadras

  4. BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Núria Lorente-Colomé & Rosalia Pascal

  5. Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Carlota Rovira

  6. Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Agust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Alfons Nadal

  7. Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain

    Jaume Miranda-Rius

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  1. Jordi Moncunill-Mira
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Moncunill-Mira, J., Brunet-Llobet, L., Cuadras, D. et al. Do the clinical criteria used to diagnose periodontitis affect the association with prematurity?. Odontology 109, 455–463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00562-4

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