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Effect of curcumin on growth, biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis

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Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen and major colonizer in host tissue which plays a pivotal role in periodontitis among the other polymicrobial infections. Increasing facts demonstrate that curcumin has antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effect against the periodontopathogens through diverse mechanisms that have a positive impact on periodontal health. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of curcumin on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of P. gingivalis. By using gene expression studies, we exploited the mechanism of anti-biofilm effects of curcumin on P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of curcumin for both ATCC and clinical strains of P. gingivalis were found to be 62.5 and 125 µg ml−1 respectively. Curcumin prevented bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, curcumin attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for major virulence factors, including adhesions (fimA, hagA, and hagB) and proteinases (rgpA, rgpB, and kgp). The results indicated that curcumin has shown anti-biofilm as well as antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Further, curcumin because of its pleiotropic actions could be a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of periodontal disease.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Kancor Ingredients Ltd., India for supplying Curcumin as a gift sample.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India

    Vijay M. Kumbar, Malleswara Rao Peram, Manohar S. Kugaji, Sanjivani P. Patil & Kishore G. Bhat

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India

    Malleswara Rao Peram

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Vadgaon Budruk, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 0 41, India

    Tejas Shah

  4. Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubli, Karnataka, 580031, India

    Uday M. Muddapur

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  1. Vijay M. Kumbar
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  2. Malleswara Rao Peram
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Correspondence to Kishore G. Bhat.

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Kumbar, V.M., Peram, M.R., Kugaji, M.S. et al. Effect of curcumin on growth, biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Odontology 109, 18–28 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00514-y

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