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Centipeda periodontii in human periodontitis

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Abstract

This study assessed the subgingival occurrence of the flagellated, Gram-negative, anaerobic rod Centipeda periodontii in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health/gingivitis with species-specific nucleic acid probes, and evaluated the in vitro resistance of subgingival isolates to therapeutic levels of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and doxycycline. Subgingival plaque biofilm specimens from 307 adults with chronic periodontitis, and 48 adults with periodontal health/localized gingivitis, were evaluated with digoxigenin-labeled, whole-chromosomal, DNA probes to C. periodontii ATCC 35019 possessing a 104 cell detection threshold. Fifty-two C. periodontii subgingival culture isolates were assessed on antibiotic-supplemented enriched Brucella blood agar for in vitro resistance to either amoxicillin at 2 µg/ml, metronidazole at 4 µg/ml, or doxycycline at 2 µg/ml. A significantly greater subgingival occurrence of C. periodontii was found in chronic periodontitis subjects as compared to individuals with periodontal health/gingivitis (13.4 vs. 0 %, P < 0.003), although high subgingival counts of the organism (≥106 cells) were rarely detected (1.3 % of chronic periodontitis subjects). In vitro resistance was not found to amoxicillin or metronidazole, and to doxycycline in only 2 (3.9 %) of the 52 C. periodontii clinical isolates studied. These findings indicate that C. periodontii is not a major constituent of the subgingival microbiome in chronic periodontitis or periodontal health/gingivitis. The potential contribution of C. periodontii to periodontal breakdown in the few chronic periodontitis subjects who yielded high subgingival levels of the organism remains to be delineated. C. periodontii clinical isolates were susceptible in vitro to therapeutic concentrations of three antibiotics frequently used in treatment of human periodontitis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Diane Feik for her laboratory expertise and assistance. Support for this research was in part provided by funds from the Paul H. Keyes Term Professorship in Periodontology, which was held during 2003–2013 by Thomas E. Rams at Temple University School of Dentistry.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relative to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, and Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Thomas E. Rams

  2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA

    Charles E. Hawley

  3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Eugene J. Whitaker

  4. Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    John E. Degener & Arie J. van Winkelhoff

  5. Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Arie J. van Winkelhoff

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  1. Thomas E. Rams
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  2. Charles E. Hawley
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  3. Eugene J. Whitaker
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  4. John E. Degener
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  5. Arie J. van Winkelhoff
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Correspondence to Thomas E. Rams.

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Rams, T.E., Hawley, C.E., Whitaker, E.J. et al. Centipeda periodontii in human periodontitis. Odontology 103, 286–291 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0166-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0166-1

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