Abstract
The aim of this laboratory study was to assess selected physicochemical properties of three root canal sealers. The solubility, setting time and radiopacity of AH Plus, EndoREZ and RealSeal SE were evaluated. The solubility was determined by weight loss of specimens in water over a period of 28 days. Setting time and radiopacity were assessed according to ANSI/ADA and ISO specifications using an aluminum step wedge calibrated in millimeters and the intendention test using a Gilmore needle. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Student–Newman–Keuls test for pairwise comparisons. AH Plus was significantly less soluble, showed the significantly highest radiopacity and displayed the significantly longest setting time of all sealers (P < 0.01). At all exposure times, EndoREZ was significantly more soluble than the other sealers (P < 0.01) and displayed the significantly lowest values regarding radiopacity (P < 0.01). Analysis showed that setting time and radiopacity for all sealers met the ANSI/ADA and ISO standards. Solubility of AH Plus and RealSeal confirmed the ANSI/ADA and ISO specification, while EndoREZ clearly exceeded the proposed solubility value. Out of all sealers tested, AH Plus obtained the best values for all properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Whitworth J. Methods of filling root canals: principles and practices. Endod Top. 2005;12:2–24.
Tay FR, Pashley DH. Monoblocks in root canals: a hypothetical or tangible goal. J Endod. 2007;33:391–8.
Gesi A, Raffaelli O, Goracci C, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Ferrari M. Interfacial strength of Resilon and gutta-percha to intraradicular dentin. J Endod. 2005;31:809–13.
Darrag AM, Fayyad DM. Adhesives in endodontics. part II: role of adhesion in root canal obturation. ENDO (Lond Engl). 2011;5:87–105.
Hiraishi N, Loushine RJ, Vano M, Chieffi N, Weller RN, Ferrari M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Is an oxygen inhibited layer required for bonding of resin-coated gutta-percha to methacrylate-based root canal sealer? J Endod. 2006;32:429–33.
Souza SF, Bombana AC, Franncci C, Gonçalves F, Castellan C, Braga RR. Polymerization stress, flow and dentine bond strength of two resin-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2009;42:867–73.
Mokeem-Saleh A, Hammad M, Silikas N, Qualtrough A, Watts DC. A laboratory evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of selected root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2010;43:882–8.
Kim YK, Mai S, Haycock JR, Kim SK, Loushine RJ, Pashley DH, Tay FR. The self-etching potential of RealSeal versus RealSeal SE. J Endod. 2009;35:1264–9.
American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Specification No. 57: endodontic sealing materials. Chicago: American Dental Association; 2000.
International Organization for Standardization. International Standard ISO 6876:2001: Dental root canal sealing materials. Genf: International Organization for Standardization; 2001.
Gambarini G, Testarelli L, Pongione G, Gerosa R, Gagliani M. Radiographic and rheological properties of a new endodontic sealer. Aust Endod J. 2006;32:31–4.
Carvalho-Junior JR, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC, Consani S, Sousa-Neto MD. Radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography. Int Endod J. 2007;40:514–20.
Schäfer E, Zandbiglari T. Solubility of root canal sealers in water and artificial saliva. Int Endod J. 2003;36:660–9.
Silva EJ, Santos CC, Zaia AA. Long-term cytotoxic effects of contemporary root canal sealers. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013;21:43–7.
Scelza MZ, Linhares AB, da Silva LE, Granjeiro JM, Alves GG. A multiparametric assay to compare the cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers with primary human osteoblasts. Int Endod J. 2012;45:12–8.
Donnelly A, Sword J, Nishitani Y, Yoshiyama M, Agee K, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Water sorption and solubility of methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers. J Endod. 2007;33:990–4.
Lee BS, Wang CY, Fang YY, Hsieh KH, Lin CP. A novel urethane acrylate-based root canal sealer with improved degree of conversion, cytotoxicity, bond strengths, solubility, and dimensional stability. J Endod. 2011;37:246–9.
Marin-Bauza GA, Rached-Junior FJA, Souza-Gabriel AE, Souza-Neto MD, Miranda CES, Silva-Sousa YTC. Physicochemical properties of methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers. J Endod. 2010;36:1531–6.
Versiani MA, Carvalho-Junior JR, Padilha MIAF, Lacey S, Pascon EA, Sousa-Neto MD. A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH Plus™ and Epiphany™ root canal sealants. Int Endod J. 2006;39:464–71.
Resende LM, Rached-Junior FJA, Versiani MA, Souza-Gabriel AE, Miranda CES, Silva-Sousa YTC, Sousa Neto MD. A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH Plus, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2009;42:785–93.
McMichen FRS, Pearson G, Rahbaran S, Gulabivala K. A comparative study of selected physical properties of five root-canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2003;36:629–35.
Danesh G, Hellak T, Reinhardt KJ, Végh A, Schäfer E, Lippold C. Elution characteristics of residual monomers in different light- and auto-curing resins. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012;64:867–72.
Wilson AD. Specification test for the solubility and disintegration of dental cements: a critical evaluation of its meaning. J Dent Res. 1976;55:721–9.
Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JMG, Gonçalves M. Radiopacity evaluation of new root canal filling materials by digitalization of images. J Endod. 2007;33:249–51.
Zeferino EG, Cunha RS, Bellato TS, Filho JEG, De Martin AS, da Silveira Bueno CE. Comparative study of the radiopacity of endodontic sealers with different chemical compositions. ENDO (Lond Engl). 2011;5:209–13.
Grossman LI. Physical properties of root canal cements. J Endod. 1976;2:166–75.
Suh BI. Oxygen-inhibited layer in adhesion dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2004;16:316–23.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schäfer, E., Bering, N. & Bürklein, S. Selected physicochemical properties of AH Plus, EndoREZ and RealSeal SE root canal sealers. Odontology 103, 61–65 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-013-0137-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-013-0137-y