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Ionomic variation in leaves of 819 plant species growing in the botanical garden of Hokkaido University, Japan

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A Correction to this article was published on 19 February 2021

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Abstract

Ionomics is the measurement of total metal, metalloid, and nonmetal accumulation in living organisms. Plant ionomics has been applied to various types of research in the last decade. It has been reported that the ionome of a plant is strongly affected by its evolution and by environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed the concentration of 23 elements in leaves of 819 plant species (175 families) growing in the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University, Japan. Relative variation estimated by the coefficient of variation in foliar concentrations of essential elements among various plant species tended to be low, whereas nickel concentration showed exceptionally large relative variation. By contrast, the relative variation in nonessential elements was high, particularly in sodium, aluminum, and arsenic. The higher relative variations in these element concentrations can be explained by the occurrence of plants that are hyperaccumulators for these elements. Differences in life forms such as herbaceous/woody species, deciduous/evergreen woody species and annual/perennial herbaceous species affected the concentration of several elements in the leaves. These differences were considered to be due to the combined factors including differences in lifespan, growth rate, and cell wall thickness of the leaves. Results of principal component analyses (based on concentration data of essential and nonessential elements in leaf samples) indicated phylogenetic influences on plant ionomes at the family level in Polypodiales, Pinales, Poales, and Ericales. Furthermore, when analyzing correlations among concentrations of all elements in each order and comparing among different orders, the results also suggested that Polypodiales, Pinales, and Poales each had a specific ion homeostasis network.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our appreciation to Miki Mori for her help with our plant mineral analyses. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and Prof. Takayoshi Koike for their constructive feedback and helpful comments. The study was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant number 20K05762) to TW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan

    Toshihiro Watanabe

  2. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Botanic Garden, Hokkaido University, Kita-3, Nishi-8, Chuoku, Sapporo, 0600003, Japan

    Takayuki Azuma

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  1. Toshihiro Watanabe
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  2. Takayuki Azuma
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TW designed the research. TW and TA conducted field work. TW analyzed elements in leaf and soil samples. TW conducted data analysis. TW and TA wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Toshihiro Watanabe.

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The original online version of this article was revised due to units were processed incorrectly in tables 2, 3, 4 and corrected in this version.

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Watanabe, T., Azuma, T. Ionomic variation in leaves of 819 plant species growing in the botanical garden of Hokkaido University, Japan. J Plant Res 134, 291–304 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01254-y

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