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The origin of wild populations of Toxicodendron succedaneum on mainland Japan revealed by genetic variation in chloroplast and nuclear DNA

Journal of Plant Research volume 131, pages 225–238 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Toxicodendron succedaneum: (L.) Kuntze is a tree cultivated for the production of sumac wax, which is extracted from the mesocarp. There are several hypotheses regarding the origin of T. succedaneum on mainland Japan. In this study, the geographical distribution of genetic variation in 13 wild populations on Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Ryukyu Islands, Japan was investigated and compared with that of individuals from continental Asia. Seven chloroplast DNA haplotypes of T. succedaneum were observed in Japan and could be divided into three lineages based on relatedness between haplotypes. One of these lineages was also observed in continental Asia, and the others were genetically distant from the haplotypes that originated on the continent, with one considered to have originated on the Ryukyu Islands, and the other on mainland Japan. The genetic diversity of both chloroplast and nuclear DNA was lower in populations from Ryukyu Islands than in populations from mainland Japan. Bayesian clustering based on nuclear genotypes showed a clear difference between the groups from Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japan. Based on approximate Bayesian computation analysis of polymorphic data for both genomes, it was inferred that wild populations of T. succedaneum on mainland Japan consist of both lineages with natural distribution on mainland Japan and those introduced from Ryukyu Islands and continental Asia.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Drs. M. Suzuki and T. Tanaka for sampling the materials used in this study. We also thank Mr. M. Ogata, Mr. K. Miyahira, the members of the Kyushu Regional Breeding Office (Forest Tree Breeding Center), Fukuoka Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture, for their assistance in the field. We also thank Dr. K. Mishima and the members of the Forest Tree Breeding Center for their support with experiments. We also thank Drs. S. Shiraishi, M. Tamura, and M. Takahashi for helpful advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan

    Yuichiro Hiraoka

  2. Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, 88 Sodai, Mino, Gifu, 501-3714, Japan

    Ichiro Tamaki

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Atsushi Watanabe

Authors
  1. Yuichiro Hiraoka
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  2. Ichiro Tamaki
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  3. Atsushi Watanabe
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Correspondence to Yuichiro Hiraoka.

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Funding

This research was supported by funds from the ordinary budget of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI).

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Hiraoka, Y., Tamaki, I. & Watanabe, A. The origin of wild populations of Toxicodendron succedaneum on mainland Japan revealed by genetic variation in chloroplast and nuclear DNA. J Plant Res 131, 225–238 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-017-0992-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-017-0992-7

Keywords

  • Approximate Bayesian computation
  • Artificial movement
  • Chloroplast haplotype
  • Cultivated tree
  • Nuclear SSR marker