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Plant dehydrins: shedding light on structure and expression patterns of dehydrin gene family in barley

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Abstract

Dehydrins, an important group of late embryogenesis abundant proteins, accumulate in response to dehydration stresses and play protective roles under stress conditions. Herein, phylogenetic analysis of the dehydrin family was performed using the protein sequences of 108 dehydrins obtained from 14 plant species based on plant taxonomy and protein subclasses. Sub-cellular localization and phosphorylation sites of these proteins were also predicted. The protein features distinguishing these dehydrins categories were identified using various attribute weighting and decision tree analyses. The results revealed that the presence of the S motif preceding the K motif (YnSKn, SKn, and SnKS) was more evident and the YnSKn subclass was more frequent in monocots. In barley, as one of the most drought-tolerant crops, there are ten members of YnSKn out of 13 HvDhns. In promoter regions, six types of abiotic stress-responsive elements were identified. Regulatory elements in UTR sequences of HvDhns were infrequent while only four miRNA targets were found. Furthermore, physiological parameters and gene expression levels of HvDhns were studied in tolerant (HV1) and susceptible (HV2) cultivars, and in an Iranian tolerant wild barley genotype (Spontaneum; HS) subjected to gradual water stress and after recovery duration at the vegetative stage. The results showed the significant impact of dehydration on dry matter, relative leaf water, chlorophyll contents, and oxidative damages in HV2 compared with the other studied genotypes, suggesting a poor dehydration tolerance, and incapability of recovering after re-watering in HV2. Under severe drought stress, among the 13 HvDhns genes, 5 and 10 were exclusively induced in HV1 and HS, respectively. The gene and protein structures and the expression patterns of HvDhns as well as the physiological data consistently support the role of dehydrins in survival and recovery of barley plants from drought particularly in HS. Overall, this information would be helpful for functional characterization of the Dhn family in plants.

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Abbreviations

CDS:

Coding sequence

Dhn:

Dehydrin

DW:

Dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight

HV1:

Hordeum vulgare L. cv Yousef

HV2:

Hordeum vulgare L. cv Morocco 9–75

HS:

Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. Spontaneum

IRES:

Internal ribosome entry site

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant

LT:

Leaf temperature

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NLS:

Nuclear localization signals

RWC:

Relative water content

SPAD:

Special products analysis division

TFBS:

Transcription factor binding sites

TSS:

Transcription start site

TW:

Turgid weights

UTR:

Untranslated region

WHC:

Water holding capacity

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a grant awarded by the Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, (ABRII). We would like to appreciate Dr. Stefania Grando, (ICARDA) who kindly provided the Morocco 9–75 seeds. Moreover, the authors are grateful to Dr. HamidReza Nikkhah (SPII) and Dr. Mehdi Zahravi (SPII) for providing the spring barley cv Yousef and Spantaneum seeds, respectively.

Author contributions

Most experiments and data analyses were performed by R. Abedini and F. GhaneGolmohammadi. Phylogentic analysis and protein feature analysis were assisted by E. Pourabed and A. Jafarneghad, respectively. R. PishkamRad contributed to biochemical analysis. M. Shahbazi and Z.S. Shaobbar were responsible for overall conceptualization and supervision of the experiments and worked on data processing and manuscript preparation.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Improvement Institutes Campus, Mahdasht Road, Karaj, 3135933151, Iran

      Raha Abedini, Farzan GhaneGolmohammadi, Reihaneh PishkamRad, Ehsan Pourabed, Ahad Jafarnezhad, Zahra-Sadat Shobbar & Maryam Shahbazi

    2. Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan

      Farzan GhaneGolmohammadi

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    Raha Abedini and Farzan GhaneGolmohammadi contributed equally.

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    Abedini, R., GhaneGolmohammadi, F., PishkamRad, R. et al. Plant dehydrins: shedding light on structure and expression patterns of dehydrin gene family in barley. J Plant Res 130, 747–763 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-017-0941-5

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