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Water relations, nutrient content and developmental responses of Euonymus plants irrigated with water of different degrees of salinity and quality

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Abstract

For 20 weeks, the physiological responses of Euonymus japonica plants to different irrigation sources were studied. Four irrigation treatments were applied at 100 % water holding capacity: control (electrical conductivity (EC) <0.9 dS m−1); irrigation water normally used in the area (irrigator’s water) IW (EC: 1.7 dS m−1); NaCl solution, NaCl (EC: 4 dS m−1); and wastewater, WW (EC: 4 dS m−1). This was followed by a recovery period of 13 weeks, when all the plants were rewatered with the same amount and quality of irrigation water as the control plants. Despite the differences in the chemical properties of the water used, the plants irrigated with NaCl and WW showed similar alterations in growth and size compared with the control even at the end of the recovery period. Leaf number was affected even when the EC of the irrigation water was of 1.7 dS m−1 (IW), indicating the salt sensitivity of this parameter. Stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (Pn), as well as stem water potential (Ψstem), were most affected in plants irrigated with the most saline waters (NaCl and WW). At the end of the experiment the above parameters recovered, while IW plants showed similar values to the control. The higher Na+ and Cl+ uptake by NaCl and WW plants led them to show osmotic adjustment throughout the experiment. The highest amount of boron found in WW plants did not affect root growth. Wastewater can be used as a water management strategy for ornamental plant production, as long as the water quality is not too saline, since the negative effect of salt on the aesthetic value of plants need to be taken into consideration.

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Abbreviations

EC:

Electrical conductivity

DW:

Dry weight

gs :

Stomatal conductance

J:

Absorption rate of ions by roots

NTU:

Nephelometrical Turbidity Units

P:

Significance level

PAC:

Percentage of plants in acceptable conditions

PDB:

Percentage of plants with dry branches

PIC:

Percentage of plants in ideal conditions

DP:

Percentage of dry plants

Pn :

Net photosynthesis

RH:

Relative humidity

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

VPD:

Vapour pressure deficit

Ψstem :

Stem water potential

Ψ100s :

Osmotic potential at full turgor

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the projects: CICYT (AGL 2008- 05258-CO2-1-2-AGR and AGL 2011-30022-CO2-01-02), Fundación Séneca (15356/PI/10) and Vías y Construcción, S. A. (CDTI IDI-20101191).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto Riego, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain

    María José Gómez-Bellot, Sara Álvarez, Marco Castillo, María Fernanda Ortuño & María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco

  2. Dpto Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), 30203, Cartagena, Spain

    Sebastián Bañón

  3. Unidad Asociada al CSIC de “Horticultura Sostenible en Zonas Aridas” (UPCT-CEBAS), 30203, Cartagena, Spain

    Sebastián Bañón & María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco

Authors
  1. María José Gómez-Bellot
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  2. Sara Álvarez
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  3. Marco Castillo
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  4. Sebastián Bañón
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  5. María Fernanda Ortuño
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  6. María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
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Correspondence to María Fernanda Ortuño.

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Gómez-Bellot, M.J., Álvarez, S., Castillo, M. et al. Water relations, nutrient content and developmental responses of Euonymus plants irrigated with water of different degrees of salinity and quality. J Plant Res 126, 567–576 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0545-z

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