Abstract
Since its establishment, a hybrid origin for Semiliquidambar has been proposed based on morphological intermediacy and sympatric distribution with Altingia and Liquidambar. This hypothesis, however, has lacked convincing molecular evidence. In this study, two nuclear genes, pin2 and cab4, and a chloroplast gene, matK, from Semiliquidambar cathayensis and its putative parental species Liquidambar and Altingia in Jianfengling, Hainan, and Heishiding and Nanling, Guangdong, China, were sequenced to test this hypothesis. Our results showed that L. formosana and L. acalycina were closely related and constituted an inseparable clade in the phylogenetic trees of both pin2 and cab4 genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two types of sequences for S. cathayensis, which were clustered with its putative parents, L. formosana–L. acalycina and A. obovata in Jianfengling, and with L. formosana–L. acalycina and A. chinensis in Heishiding and Nanling. The partial chloroplast matK gene sequences showed four nucleotide substitutions between L. formosana and A. obovata in Jianfengling; the sequences of the two individuals of S. cathayensis were identical with those of A. obovata. No diagnostic chloroplast markers including matK and three other chloroplast genes were found to distinguish L. formosana and A. chinensis in Heishiding and Nanling. Molecular data clearly demonstrated that S. cathayensis is of intergeneric hybrid origin between L. formosana–L. acalycina and A. obovata or A. chinensis and that A. obovata functions as the maternal parent in the hybridization event in Jianfengling, Hainan.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Huangqiang Chen and Judy Chen for helping collect samples. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30730008, 30800060, 40976081, 40876075), National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815701), the Ministry of Education Foundation of China (20070558030), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (8451027501001492, 8151027501000089), and the Chang Hungta Science Foundation of Sun Yat-Sen University.
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Table S1. Fixed sites of pin2 gene between species of Altingia and Liquidambar among populations of Jiangfengling, Heishiding and Nanling. Table S2. Fixed sites of cab4 gene between species of Altingia and Liquidambar among populations of Hainan. Table S3. Pairwise maximum composite likelihood distances between five species of Atlingiaceae based on the pin2 and cab4 genes (PDF 31 kb)
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Wu, W., Zhou, R., Huang, Y. et al. Molecular evidence for natural intergeneric hybridization between Liquidambar and Altingia . J Plant Res 123, 231–239 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0275-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0275-z