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Karyotype with 210 chromosomes in guaraná (Paullinia cupana ‘Sorbilis’)

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Abstract

The genus Paullinia includes the economically important P. cupana, known as guaraná in Brazil and more recently in the world market. Native Americans of the Maué and Andirá tribes cultivated P. cupana ‘Sorbilis’ in central Amazon, and the Barés cultivated the ‘Typica’ variety in the upper Negro River (Brazil). Cytological studies in the Sapindaceae family have concentrated on the diversity in number (from 2n = 14 to 96) and size of the chromosomes. In Paullinia, seven species have been karyotyped and all show 2n = 24. Meristem maceration, cellular dissociation and air-drying techniques were used for cytogenetic preparations and DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. Chromosome characterization and DNA content of Paullinia cupana Kunth ‘Sorbilis’ (Mart.) Ducke (Sapindaceae) were studied. The high chromosome number (2n = 210) fall into two cytomorphological groups: (a) a metacentric and submetacentric group showing 25 sets of three pairs of chromosomes (2–76); (b) a group containing only acrocentric showing 12 sets of two pairs of chromosomes (82–105), a homologous submetacentric pair (1) and an acrocentric pair (81). Mean nuclear DNA content of guaraná was 2C = 22.8 pg. A karyogram was set up showing a high chromosome number complement.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Charles R. Clement, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, for his critical and constructive suggestions on the article. This research is part of the REALGENE work supported by MCT/CNPq Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Tecnologia de DNA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69.077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Danival Vieira de Freitas & Spartaco Astolfi-Filho

  2. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36.570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Carlos Roberto Carvalho

  3. Setor de Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Embrapa/CPAA, Caixa Postal 319, 69048-660, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Firmino José do Nascimento Filho

Authors
  1. Danival Vieira de Freitas
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  2. Carlos Roberto Carvalho
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  3. Firmino José do Nascimento Filho
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  4. Spartaco Astolfi-Filho
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Correspondence to Carlos Roberto Carvalho.

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de Freitas, D.V., Carvalho, C.R., Filho, F.J.d.N. et al. Karyotype with 210 chromosomes in guaraná (Paullinia cupana ‘Sorbilis’). J Plant Res 120, 399–404 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-007-0073-4

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