Retraction Note: Information Systems and e-Business Management (2020) 18:931–943 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-019-00408-9


The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation's findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.


Author Yanliang Yu disagrees with this retraction. Author Li Bai agrees with this retraction and has stated they were unaware of the submission and publication of this article. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for author Xiaosu Liu.