Abstract
The existence and stability of stationary solutions for a reaction-diffusion-ODE system are investigated in this paper. We first show that there exist both continuous and discontinuous stationary solutions. Then a good understanding of the stability of discontinuous stationary solutions is gained under an appropriate condition. In addition, we demonstrate the influences of the diffusion coefficient on stationary solutions. The results we obtained are based on the super-/sub-solution method and the generalized mountain pass theorem. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data can be made available on reasonable request.
References
Ambrosetti, A., Rabinowitz, P.H., Dual variational methods in critical point theory and applications. J. Funct. Anal., 14: 349–381 (1973)
Chang, K.C., Variational methods for non-differentiable functionals and their applications to partial differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 80: 102–129 (1981)
Gilbarg, D., Trudinger, N.S. Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order Reprint of the 1998 edition, Classics in Mathematics. Springer, pBerlin, (2001)
Köthe, A., Marciniak-Czochra, A., Takagi, I. Hysteresis-driven pattern formation in reaction-diffusion-ODE systems. Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst., 40: 3595–3627 (2020)
Marciniak-Czochra, A. Receptor-based models with hysteresis for pattern formation in hydra. Math. Biosci., 199: 97–119 (2006)
Marciniak-Czochra, A., Nakayama, M., Takagi, I. Pattern formation in a diffusion-ODE model with hysteresis. Differ. Integral Equ., 28: 655–694 (2015)
Ni, W.M., Tang, M.X. Turing patterns in the Lengyel-Epstein system for the CIMA reaction. Trans. Am. Math. Soc., 357: 3953–3969 (2005)
Pazy, A. Semigroups of linear operators and applications to partial differential equation. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1983)
Takagi, I., Zhang, C.H. Existence and stability of patterns in a reaction-diffusion-ODE system with hysteresis in non-uniform media. Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst., 41: 3109–3140 (2021)
Takagi, I., Zhang, C.H. Pattern formation in a reaction-diffusion-ODE model with hysteresis in spatially heterogeneous environments. J. Differ. Equ., 280: 928–966 (2021)
Turing, A.M. The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B, 237: 37–72 (1952)
Weinberger, H.F. A simple system with a continuum of stable inhomogeneous steady states, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Applied Science; Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Seminar (Tokyo, 1982), 345–359, North-Holland Math. Stud. 81, Lecture Notes Numer. Appl. Anal. 5. North-Holland, Amsterdam, (1983)
Zhang, C.H., Yang, W.B. Dynamic behaviors of a predator-prey model with weak additive Allee effect on prey. Nonlinear Anal.-Real World Appl., 55: 103137 (2020)
Zhang, C.H., Yuan, H.L. Positive solutions of a predator-prey model with additive Allee effect. Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos, 30: 2050068 (2020)
Zhang, C.H. Pattern formation with jump discontinuity in a macroalgae-herbivore model with strong Allee effect in macroalgae. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 504: 125371 (2021)
Zhang, C.H., Zhang, H.F., Li, S.B. Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a nonsmooth producer-grazer system with stoichiometric constraints. Appl. Anal., 103: 65–87 (2024)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the anonymous referees for their critical reading of the manuscript. C.H. Zhang would like to thank Prof. Izumi Takagi for his help and encouragement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Mei-rong ZHANG is an editor of for Acta Mathematicae Applicatate Sinica (English Series) and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Additional information
The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11790273, 52276028).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Ch., Zhang, Hf. & Zhang, Mr. Dynamics of a Reaction-diffusion-ODE System in a Heterogeneous Media. Acta Math. Appl. Sin. Engl. Ser. 40, 275–301 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1084-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1084-9
Keywords
- reaction-diffusion-ODE system
- discontinuous stationary solutions
- stability
- asymptotic behavior
- monotone solutions