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Albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio is an independent prognostic parameter in de novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia

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Inflammation and nutrition related proteins participate in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has been reported that the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) could serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with malignancy, but the precise relevance of AML is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AFR on survival prognosis in patients with AML. We analyzed 227 patients newly diagnosed with non-M3 AML. AFR was calculated as albumin divided by fibrinogen. Based on the cutoff point from X-tile program, patients were divided into AFR-high (38.8%) and AFR-low (61.2%) groups. AFR-low group showed a poorer complete remission rate (P < 0.001) and median time to relapse (P = 0.026), while the mortality was higher (P = 0.009) than AFR-high ones. According to the log-rank test, AFR-low group had shorter OS (P < 0.001) and DFS (P = 0.034). Multivariate analysis identified AFR, ELN risk, bone marrow transplant, and hemoglobin as independent prognostic variables associated with OS. A visualized nomogram for predicting OS was performed. The C-index (0.75), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses of new model showed better discrimination, calibration, and net benefits than the ELN risk model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 1-, 2-, and 3-year also functioned well (AUC, 0.81, 0.93 and 0.90, respectively). Our study provided a comprehensive view of AFR which could be an independent prognostic indicator in AML patients. The prognostic model utilized readily available information from ordinary clinical practice to improve predictive performance, identify risks, and assist in therapeutic decision-making.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This work was supported by grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82000169 and No. 82370174), and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1058, cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0369).

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  1. Yaqun Ding and Xiangyu Qi have contribute equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China

    Yaqun Ding, Xiangyu Qi, Yang Li, Yanni Sun, Jia Wan, Chengxin Luo, Yarui Huang, Qingrong Li, Guixian Wu & Shuangnian Xu

  2. Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China

    Xiaoqing Zhu

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China

    Xiaoqing Zhu

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Contributions

YD and SX designed the study. YD and XQ were responsible for data collection and management, statistical analysis and interpretation, literature research, and manuscript writing; YL assisted in statistical analysis; YS and JW were responsible for data collection; CL, YH, QL, GW and XZ participated in discussion; and SX supervised data analysis and manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Shuangnian Xu.

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Ding, Y., Qi, X., Li, Y. et al. Albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio is an independent prognostic parameter in de novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Exp Med 23, 4597–4608 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-023-01241-8

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