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Advanced micro-/nanotechnologies for exosome encapsulation and targeting in regenerative medicine

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Abstract

Exosomes, a subset of vesicles generated from cell membranes, are crucial for cellular communication. Exosomes' innate qualities have been used in recent studies to create nanocarriers for various purposes, including medication delivery and immunotherapy. As a result, a wide range of approaches has been designed to utilize their non-immunogenic nature, drug-loading capacity, or targeting ability. In this study, we aimed to review the novel methods and approaches in exosome engineering for encapsulation and targeting in regenerative medicine. We have assessed and evaluated each method's efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages and discussed the results of related studies. Even though the therapeutic role of non-allogenic exosomes has been demonstrated in several studies, their application has certain limitations as these particles are neither fully specific to target tissue nor tissue retainable. Hence, there is a strong demand for developing more efficient encapsulation methods along with more accurate and precise targeting methods, such as 3D printing and magnetic nanoparticle loading in exosomes, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge all the contributions from the Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Funding

This study was carried out in authors own capacity, and this study was not funded by any governmental organization and the authors themselves financed this study.

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  1. Hasti Tashak Golroudbari and Seyedeh Parnian Banikarimi have contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hasti Tashak Golroudbari, Seyedeh Parnian Banikarimi, Aryan Ayati, Alireza Hadizadeh, Khorasani Zavareh Zahra, Kiana Hajikhani, Asieh Heirani-Tabasi, Saeed Davoodi & Hossein Ahmadi Tafti

  2. Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Seyedeh Parnian Banikarimi

  3. Colorectal Surgery Research Center, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmadi Tafti Mohsen

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Contributions

HTG did manuscript composure, conceptualization, and visualization. SPB done manuscript composure and visualization. AA provided manuscript composure, revision and editing. ZKZ, AH-T, and KH were involved in manuscript composure. AH revised and edited the manuscript. HAT contributed to editing, revision, scientific supervision, and conceptualization. SD and MAT edited and revised the article.

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Correspondence to Hossein Ahmadi Tafti.

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Tashak Golroudbari, H., Banikarimi, S.P., Ayati, A. et al. Advanced micro-/nanotechnologies for exosome encapsulation and targeting in regenerative medicine. Clin Exp Med 23, 1845–1866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-023-00993-7

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