Abstract
A better understanding of the time-dependent biomechanical behaviour of the biphasic hip articular cartilage (AC) under physiological loadings is important to understand the onset of joint pathology and guide the clinical treatment. Current computational studies for the biphasic hip AC were usually limited to short-term duration or using elaborate loading. The present study aimed to develop a multiscale computational modelling to investigate the long-term biphasic behaviour of the hip AC under physiological loadings over multiple gait cycles. Two-scale computational modelling including a musculoskeletal model and a finite element model of the natural hip was created. These two models were then combined and used to investigate the biphasic behaviour of hip AC over 80 gait cycles. The results showed that the interstitial fluid pressure in the AC supported over 89% of the loading during gait. When the contact area was located at the AC centre, the contact pressure and fluid pressure increased over time from the first cycle to the 80th cycle, while when the contact area approached the edge, these pressures decreased first dramatically and then slowly over time. The peak stresses and strains in the solid matrix of the AC remained at a low level and increased over time from the first cycle to the 80th cycle. This study demonstrated that the long-term temporal variations of the biphasic behaviour of hip AC under physiological loadings are significant. The methodology has potentially important implications in the biomechanical studies of human cartilage and supporting the development of cartilage substitution.
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Data availability
All data needed to evaluate the conclusions of this study were presented herein. Additional data related to this study may be requested from the authors.
Code availability
The open-source FE software FEBio used for biomechanical analysis is available on: www.febio.org. The Matlab code for the multiscale approach was made publicly accessible in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/xj-hua/MultiscaleHip).
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This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 745426.
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Hua, X., Shu, L. & Li, J. Multiscale modelling for investigating the long-term time-dependent biphasic behaviour of the articular cartilage in the natural hip joint. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 21, 1145–1155 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01581-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01581-6