Abstract
The seeding of cells into an organ is an important step in cell therapy because the final functional properties of the organ are related to the initial cell distribution throughout the organ. However, vessel occlusion is a serious problem that prevents uniform distribution of the cells in the entire organ. Understanding the mechanism of vessel occlusion can help optimize the seeding process. In this study, the vessel occlusion phenomenon under perfusion conditions during cell seeding was investigated. First, we applied a microfluidic system that enabled the observation of the occlusion events during injection. Second, we applied a multiphase numerical model that can describe the cell–cell interactions and cell–fluid interactions to investigate the vessel occlusion phenomenon during the seeding process. In particular, the effects of cell concentration and flow rate were investigated. The results indicate the importance of cell–cell interactions and cell–vessel interactions for the occurrence of vessel occlusion. In addition, it is found that the probability of occurrence of vessel occlusion increases with the increase in cell concentration and decrease in flow rate. The simulation model can help determine the optimum parameters to enhance cell seeding efficiency.
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The open-source software CFD–DEM used to compute the presented results is available on: (https://www.cfdem.com/media/CFDEM/docu/CFDEMcoupling_Manual.html).
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by The Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
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This research was funded by The Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship.
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Nguyen, V.L., Obara, H. Investigation of vessel occlusion during cell seeding process. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 20, 2437–2450 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01517-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01517-6