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Hyper-viscoelastic damage modeling of whole blood clot under large deformation

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology volume 20, pages 1645–1657 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Blood clots play a diametric role in our bodies as they are both vital as a wound sealant, as well as the source for many devastating diseases. In blood clots’ physiological and pathological roles, their mechanics play a critical part. These mechanics are non-trivial owing to blood clots’ complex nonlinear, viscoelastic behavior. Casting this behavior into mathematical form is a fundamental step toward a better basic scientific understanding of blood clots, as well as toward diagnostic and prognostic computational models. Here, we identify a hyper-viscoelastic damage model that we fit to original data on the nonlinear, viscoelastic behavior of blood clots. Our model combines the classic Ogden hyperelastic constitutive law, a finite viscoelastic model for large deformations, and a non-local, gradient-enhanced damage formulation. By fitting our model to cyclic tensile test data and extension-to-failure data, we inform the model’s nine unknown material parameters. We demonstrate the predictability of our model by validating it against unseen cyclic tensile test and stress-relaxation data. Our original data, model formulation, and the identified constitutive parameters of this model are openly available for others to use, which will aid in developing accurate, quantitative simulations of blood clot mechanics.

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Data Availability Statement

Data are made available on the Texas Data Repository under https://dataverse.tdl.org/dataverse/Clothyperviscodamagedata.

Notes

  1. To account for multiple relaxation mechanisms (\(k{=}1,\dots ,n\)), one can modify the local free energy as \(\Psi {=} \Psi (\varvec{C}, \varvec{F}_v^1, \dots , \varvec{F}_v^n) = \Psi _{\mathrm{EQ}}(\varvec{C}) + \sum _{k=1}^{n} \Psi _{\mathrm{NEQ}}^k({[{\varvec{F}}_v^k]}{}^{\text {-}\text { T}}\cdot \varvec{C}\cdot {[{\varvec{F}}_v^k]}{}^{\text { -}\text { 1}})\). In the numerical calculations, we adopt \(n{=}2\) considering both short-term and long-term behaviors of the material.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the University of Texas at Austin William’s Excellence Award and by the National Science Foundation under Award BMMB-2046148. Dr. Rausch also discloses a financial relationship to Edwards Lifesciences. We also thank our colleague Dr. Sapun Parekh for his editorial help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, 2617 Wichita Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Sotirios Kakaletsis

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Manuel K. Rausch & Gabriella P. Sugerman

  3. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Berkin Dortdivanlioglu

  4. Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Berkin Dortdivanlioglu

Authors
  1. Manuel K. Rausch
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  2. Gabriella P. Sugerman
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  3. Sotirios Kakaletsis
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  4. Berkin Dortdivanlioglu
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Correspondence to Manuel K. Rausch.

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Rausch, M.K., Sugerman, G.P., Kakaletsis, S. et al. Hyper-viscoelastic damage modeling of whole blood clot under large deformation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 20, 1645–1657 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01467-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01467-z

Keywords

  • Nonlocal damage
  • Finite viscoelasticity
  • Thrombus
  • Finite element