Fig. 3

Mesh and boundary conditions of the a, b multiscale CFD model, which involves a a free fluid—porous media model (macro-structure) and b CFD model of RVE section (micro-structure); c, d direct CFD model based on the full scaffold, d ROI in the direct CFD model: average WSS is calculated in 5 sub-regions (regions 1–5) separately, each region has a width of 0.05 mm