Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) is a sight threatening condition. In this type of RD a break in the retina allows retrohyaloid fluid to enter the subretinal space. The prognosis concerning the patients’ visual acuity is better if the RD has not progressed to the macula. The patient is given a posturing advice of bed rest and semi-supine positioning (with the RD as low as possible) to allow the utilisation of gravity and immobilisation in preventing progression of the RD. It is, however, unknown what external loads on the eye contribute the most to the progression of a RD. The goal of this exploratory study is to elucidate the role of eye movements caused by head movements and saccades on the progression of an RD. A finite element model is produced and evaluated in this study. The model is based on geometric and material properties reported in the literature. The model shows that a mild head movement and a severe eye movement produce similar traction loads on the retina. This implies that head movements—and not eye movements—are able to cause loads that can trigger and progress an RD. These preliminary results suggest that head movements have a larger effect on the progression of an RD than saccadic eye movements. This study is the first to use numerical analysis to investigate the development and progression of RD and shows promise for future work.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Algvere P, Rosengren B (1977) Immobilization of the eye. Evaluation of a new method in retinal detachment surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 55(2):303–16
Arndt SR, Cargill II RS, Hammoud S (2004) Head acceleration experienced during everyday activities and while riding roller coasters. In: Human factors, pp 1973–1977
Bahill AT, Adler D, Stark L (1975) Most naturally occurring human saccades have magnitudes of 15 degrees or less. Investig Ophthalmol 14(June):468–469
Bettelheim FA, Wang TJY (1976) Dynamic viscoelastic properties of bovine vitreous. Exp Eye Res 23(4):435–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(76)90172-X
Chen K, Weiland JD (2010) Anisotropic and inhomogeneous mechanical characteristics of the retina. J Biomech 43(7):1417–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.09.056
Chen K, Rowley AP, Weiland JD (2010) Elastic properties of porcine ocular posterior soft tissues. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 93(2):635–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32571
Chen K, Rowley AP, Weiland JD, Humayun MS (2014) Elastic properties of human posterior eye. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 102(6):2001–2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34858
Colter J, Williams A, Moran P, Coats B (2015) Age-related changes in dynamic moduli of ovine vitreous. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 41:315–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.09.004
de Jong JH, Vigueras-Guillén JP, Simon TC, Timman R, Peto T, Vermeer KA, van Meurs JC (2017) Preoperative posturing of patients with macula-on retinal detachment reduces progression toward the fovea. Ophthalmology 124:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.004
Elsheikh A, Wang D (2007) Numerical modelling of corneal biomechanical behaviour. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 10(2):85–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255840600976013
Godtfredsen E (1949) Investigations into hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase in the subretinal fluid in retinal detachment, partially due to ruptures and partly secondary to malignant choroidal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 33(12):721–732
Grover S, Murthy RK, Brar VS, Chalam KV (2010) Normative data for macular thickness by high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (spectralis). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 148(2):2644–2647. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4774
Haimann MH, Burton TC, Brown CK (1982) Epidemiology of retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 100(2):289–292. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1982.01030030291012
Hans SA, Bawab SY, Woodhouse ML (2009) A finite element infant eye model to investigate retinal forces in shaken baby syndrome. Graefe’s Archive Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247(4):561–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0994-1
Johnston PB (1991) Traumatic retinal detachment. Br J Opthalmol 75:18–21
Karimi A, Razaghi R, Navidbakhsh M, Sera T, Kudo S (2016a) Computing the stresses and deformations of the human eye components due to a high explosive detonation using fluid-structure interaction model. Injury 47(5):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.01.030
Karimi A, Razaghi R, Navidbakhsh M, Sera T, Kudo S (2016b) Quantifying the injury of the human eye components due to tennis ball impact using a computational fluid-structure interaction model. Injury 19(2):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.01.030
Kavanagh JJ, Barrett RS, Morrison S (2004) Upper body accelerations during walking in healthy young and elderly men. Gait Posture 20(3):291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2003.10.004
Lean JS, Mahmood M, Manna R, Chignell AH (1980) Effect of preoperative posture and binocular occlusion on retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol 64(2):94–97
Liu T, Hu AY, Kaines A, Yu F, Schwartz SD, Hubschman JP (2011) A pilot study of normative data for macular thickness and volume measurements using cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography. Retina 31(9):1944–1950. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e31820d3f13
Liu X, Wang L, Wang C, Sun G, Liu S, Fan Y (2013) Mechanism of traumatic retinal detachment in blunt impact: a finite element study. J Biomech 46(7):1321–1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.02.006
Miura M, Ideta H (2000) Factors related to subretinal proliferation in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. J Retin Vitreous Dis 20(5):465–468
Neumann E, Hyams S (1972) Conservative management of retinal breaks. A follow-up study of subsequent retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol 56(6):482–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.56.6.482
Nooshin H, Tomatsuri H (1995) Diamatic transformations. In: Giuliani C (ed) Proceedings of the symposium on spatial structures: heritage, present and future, Milan, pp 71–82
Ogden RW (1972) Large deformation isotropic elasticity–on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids. Proc R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 326(1567):565–584. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1972.0026 arXiv:1205.0516v2
Pokki J, Ergeneman O, Sevim S, Enzmann V, Torun H, Nelson BJ (2015) Measuring localized viscoelasticity of the vitreous body using intraocular microprobes. Biomed Microdevices 17(5):85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-015-9988-z
Quintyn JC, Brasseur G (2004) Subretinal fluid in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: physiopathology and composition. Surv Ophthalmol 49(1):96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.10.003
Rossi T, Boccassini B, Esposito L, Iossa M, Ruggiero A, Tamburrelli C, Bonora N (2011) The pathogenesis of retinal damage in blunt eye trauma: finite element modeling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52(7):3994–4002. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6477
Salicone A, Smiddy WE, Venkatraman A, Feuer W (2006) Visual recovery after scleral buckling procedure for retinal detachment. Ophthalmology 113(10):1734–1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.03.064
Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Cormier JM, Herring IP (2002) A nonlinear finite element model of the eye with experimental validation for the prediction of globe rupture. Stapp Car Crash J 46:81–102
Su X, Vesco C, Fleming J, Choh V (2009) Density of ocular components of the bovine eye. Optom Vis Sci 86(10):1187–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181baaf4e
Swindle KE, Hamilton PD, Ravi N (2008) In situ formation of hydrogels as vitreous substitutes: viscoelastic comparison to porcine vitreous. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 87(3):656–665. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31769
Uchio E, Ohno S, Kudoh J, Aoki K, Kisielewicz LT (1999) Simulation model of an eyeball based on finite element analysis on a supercomputer. J Opthalmol 83:1106–1111
Van De Put MAJ, Hooymans JMM, Los LI (2013) The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the Netherlands. Ophthalmology 120(3):616–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.001
Whitford C, Studer H, Boote C, Meek KM, Elsheikh A (2015) Biomechanical model of the human cornea: considering shear stiffness and regional variation of collagen anisotropy and density. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 42:76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.11.006
Yarbus AL (1967) Eye movements and vision. In: Haigh B, Riggs LA, Ballou LH (eds) Eye movements and vision. Plenum Press, New York, pp 129–146 (Chap IV Saccadi)
Zimmerman RL (1980) In vivo measurements of the viscoelasticity of the human vitreous humor. Biophys J 29(3):539–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(80)85152-6
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Prof. Johan van Leeuwen for initiating this collaboration, and Dr. Kinon Chen for kindly providing raw measurement data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Author J. Vroon has received a research grant from “Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen” (Grant No: HV/ AB/B20160033). Authors J.H. de Jong and J.C. van Meurs have received a research grant from ZonMW (Grant No. 842005003).
Additional information
J. Vroon, J. H. de Jong: joint principle authorship.
This study has been made possible through a grant by the “Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen” (Grant Nos.: HV/AB/B20160033, 14-07-2016, Rotterdam, The Netherlands)
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vroon, J., de Jong, J.H., Aboulatta, A. et al. Numerical study of the effect of head and eye movement on progression of retinal detachment. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 17, 975–983 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-018-1006-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-018-1006-y