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Cardiovascular mechanics in the early stages of pulmonary hypertension: a computational study

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Abstract

We formulate and study a new mathematical model of pulmonary hypertension. Based on principles of fluid and elastic dynamics, we introduce a model that quantifies the stiffening of pulmonary vasculature (arteries and arterioles) to reproduce the hemodynamics of the pulmonary system, including physiologically consistent dependence between compliance and resistance. This pulmonary model is embedded in a closed-loop network of the major vessels in the body, approximated as one-dimensional elastic tubes, and zero-dimensional models for the heart and other organs. Increasingly severe pulmonary hypertension is modeled in the context of two extreme scenarios: (1) no cardiac compensation and (2) compensation to achieve constant cardiac output. Simulations from the computational model are used to estimate cardiac workload, as well as pressure and flow traces at several locations. We also quantify the sensitivity of several diagnostic indicators to the progression of pulmonary arterial stiffening. Simulation results indicate that pulmonary pulse pressure, pulmonary vascular compliance, pulmonary RC time, luminal distensibility of the pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vascular impedance are much better suited to detect the early stages of pulmonary hypertension than mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which are conventionally employed as diagnostic indicators for this disease.

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Acknowledgements

C. Puelz was supported by a fellowship from the Keck Center of the Gulf Coast Consortia, on the Training Program in Biomedical Informatics, US National Library of Medicine T15LM007093.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics–Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Sebastián Acosta, Daniel J. Penny & Craig G. Rusin

  2. Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Charles Puelz & Béatrice Rivière

  3. Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Ken M. Brady

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  1. Sebastián Acosta
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Correspondence to Sebastián Acosta.

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The second author was supported by a fellowship from the Keck Center of the Gulf Coast Consortia, on the Training Program in Biomedical Informatics, US National Library of Medicine T15LM007093.

Appendix: Parameters for baseline model

Appendix: Parameters for baseline model

In the tables below, we display the parameters used in our models. The geometrical parameters for the vessels are from Mynard (2011). Initial guesses for the valve parameters were taken from Blanco and Feijóo (2013). All other parameters were manually tuned, with initial guesses from Mynard (2011).

1.1 Vessel network parameters

See Table 2.

Table 2 Parameters for the different one-dimensional vessel networks
Full size table

1.2 Organ bed parameters

See Table 3.

Table 3 Organ bed parameters
Full size table

1.3 Heart parameters

See Tables 4, 5 and 6.

Table 4 Baseline parameters for the heart chambers
Full size table
Table 5 Parameters for the heart chambers affected by the cardiac compensation described in Sect. 2.8
Full size table
Table 6 Parameters for the heart valves
Full size table

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Acosta, S., Puelz, C., Rivière, B. et al. Cardiovascular mechanics in the early stages of pulmonary hypertension: a computational study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 16, 2093–2112 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0940-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0940-4

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