Abstract
In this paper, a two-phase coastal liquid-sediment system and a wave breaker were numerically simulated using a particle-based smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). To verify the accuracy of SPH numerical scheme and model, a simplified liquid-sediment test case was constructed for validation using particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment. Quantitatively, the discrepancies of the probed velocities are less than 9.32%. Moreover, both the sediment and flow profiles obtained numerically and experimentally are qualitatively comparable. Through SPH simulation, the exact mechanism of beach profile erosion was visualized. Thus, the veracity of the developed SPH numerical model was affirmed and justified. Using similar numerical approach, the variation effects of wave frequency on the characteristics of breaking wave were investigated. Five liquid-sediment cases of sinusoidal waves of varying frequencies from 0.2 to 1.0 Hz were studied. The characteristics of breaking waves were determined as surging or collapsing, plunging and spilling in the ascending order of wave frequency. Subsequently, the correlation between Iribarren number and Froude number was analyzed to observe the effect of wave breaker types on the beach erosion profile. Furthermore, two statistically correlated equations were formulated to relate wave frequency to Iribarren number and wave height. Finally, generalized plot of Iribarren number against Froude number was developed to determine the characteristics of the breaker wave at different slope angles. Overall, the presented SPH numerical scheme was found viable in simulating coastal problems, for instance, sediment transport and breaking wave impact on erosion.
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Funding
This research work was partly funded by the following grants: Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (grant number: 203/PMEKANIK/6071428), Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (grant number: 20211003FRGS), Tenaga Nasional Berhad Seeding Fund (grant no.: U-TG-RD-18–05) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Research University (RU) (grant number: 8014071).
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Responsible Editor: Pierre F.J. Lermusiaux
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Ng, F.C., Zawawi, M.H., Azman, A. et al. Smooth particle hydrodynamics modelling of liquid-sediment system and coastal wave breaker. Ocean Dynamics 72, 99–114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01489-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01489-2