Abstract
In this paper, a three-dimensional isopycnal approach is presented to simulate the dynamics of fluid mud covering the formation, development, transport, and disappearance of fluid mud. The basic assumption is the assignment of the fluid’s density as the indicating parameter for the rheological behavior. Considering stable stratification, as is usually the case for fluid mud, layers of constant density discretize the vertical domain. The non-Newtonian dynamics of fluid mud is simulated by solving the Cauchy equations for general continuum dynamics. Instead of using a turbulent viscosity approach, the viscosity is allowed to vary according to the rheological behavior of mud suspensions. This apparent viscosity can be determined for different rheological formulations in dependence of the volume solid fraction and the shear rate. An existing three-dimensional isopycnal hydrodynamic model was extended for vertical mass transport processes and was applied on a schematic system with hindered settling. For including the rheological behavior of fluid mud, the Worrall–Tuliani approach was parameterized and implemented. The resulting flow behavior is shown on a model application of fluid mud layers moving down an inclined plane. With these changes, it is demonstrated that the isopycnal model is capable of simulating fluid mud dynamics.
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Acknowledgment
The work presented in this paper is made possible by the project MudSim funded by the German Coastal Engineering Research Council (KFKI) in the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) under contract nos. 03KIS066 and 03KIS67. The authors gratefully acknowledge V. Casulli for helpful discussions and for providing a hydrodynamic numerical code for further developments to simulate fluid mud dynamics.
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Knoch, D., Malcherek, A. A numerical model for simulation of fluid mud with different rheological behaviors. Ocean Dynamics 61, 245–256 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0327-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0327-x