Abstract
We discuss the unitary equivalence of generators G A,R associated with abstract damped wave equations of the type \({\ddot{u} + R \dot{u} + A^*A u = 0}\) in some Hilbert space \({\mathcal{H}_1}\) and certain non-self-adjoint Dirac-type operators Q A,R (away from the nullspace of the latter) in \({\mathcal{H}_1 \oplus \mathcal{H}_2}\) . The operator Q A,R represents a non-self-adjoint perturbation of a supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operator. Special emphasis is devoted to the case where 0 belongs to the continuous spectrum of A*A. In addition to the unitary equivalence results concerning G A,R and Q A,R , we provide a detailed study of the domain of the generator G A,R , consider spectral properties of the underlying quadratic operator pencil \({M(z) = |A|^2 - iz R - z^2 I_{\mathcal{H}_1}, z\in\mathbb{C}}\) , derive a family of conserved quantities for abstract wave equations in the absence of damping, and prove equipartition of energy for supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operators. The special example where R represents an appropriate function of |A| is treated in depth, and the semigroup growth bound for this example is explicitly computed and shown to coincide with the corresponding spectral bound for the underlying generator and also with that of the corresponding Dirac-type operator. The cases of undamped (R = 0) and damped (R ≠ 0) abstract wave equations as well as the cases \({A^* A \geq \varepsilon I_{\mathcal{H}_1}}\) for some \({\varepsilon > 0}\) and \({0 \in \sigma (A^* A)}\) (but 0 not an eigenvalue of A*A) are separately studied in detail.
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Acknowledgments
We are indebted to Klaus Engel and Delio Mugnolo for providing us with a number of pertinent references. This paper was initiated when taking part in the international research program on Non-linear Partial Differential Equations at the Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo during the academic year 2008-09. F.G. and G.T. gratefully acknowledge the great hospitality at CAS during a five, respectively, four-week stay in May–June 2009.
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Research supported by in part by the Research Council of Norway and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant No. Y330.
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Gesztesy, F., Goldstein, J.A., Holden, H. et al. Abstract wave equations and associated Dirac-type operators. Annali di Matematica 191, 631–676 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-011-0200-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-011-0200-7