Abstract
Roof water inrush at the mine face and shortages of water resources are both problems in the karst mining area in southwestern China. In this study, field measurements, similar simulations, and theoretical analysis were conducted, a physical model of upward and downward mining in a test mine was constructed, and the dynamic evolution of water inrush and the mechanism of water inrush in karst roofs under different mining sequences were analysed. As a result, the problem of water inrush at the mine face was solved, and a method to utilize the karst groundwater water resources was proposed. The research showed that after downward mining, the maximum development height of the water-conducting fracture in coal seam 4 was 43.1 m, and the fracture mining ratio was 14.4. A water-inrush pathway formed at the connection between the mining-induced fractures and the roof karst aquifers, and the safe mining of coal seams 4 and 9 were threatened by water inrush from the goaf. So, the feasibility of upward mining was determined by the ratio test and "three zones" discrimination methods, and the evolution of water-inrush pathways during upward and downward-inclined mining were compared. Upward-inclined mining was proposed to control roof water inrush. Moreover, the quality of the water flowing into the goaf was compared with the Chinese standards for water use, and the water in the goaf of the lower coal group was suitable for water resource utilization. This research provides a basis for preventing and controlling roof water inrush disasters and for appropriate utilization of water resources in these mining areas.
Zusammenfassung
Wassereinbrüche an der Abbaufront und Wasserknappheit sind zwei wesentliche Probleme im Karst-Bergbaugebiet in Südwestchina. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Feldmessungen, Simulationen und theoretische Analysen durchgeführt, ein physikalisches Modell eines aufwärts- oder abwärtsgerichteten Abbaus in einem Testbergwerk konstruiert sowie die dynamische Entwicklung von Wassereinbrüchen und deren Mechanismen im Karst unter verschiedenen Abbauabfolgen analysiert. Als Ergebnis wurde das Problem des Wassereinbruchs an der Abbaufront gelöst und zudem eine Methode zur Nutzung der Karstgrundwasserressourcen vorgeschlagen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die maximale Höhe des wasserführenden Bruchs im Kohleflöz 4 nach dem Abbau bei 43,1 m und das Bruch-Abbau-Verhältnis bei 14,4 lagen. An der Verbindung zwischen den bergbaubedingten Klüften und den Karstgrundwasserleitern bildete sich ein Wassereinbruchspfad, was den sicheren Abbau der Kohleflöze 4 und 9 durch Wassereinbrüche aus dem Bruchfeld gefährdet. In der Folge wurde die Machbarkeit eines aufwärtsgerichteten Abbaus mithilfe des Ratio-Tests und der "Drei-Zonen"-Diskriminierungsmethode ermittelt sowie die Entwicklung der Wassereinbrüche beim aufwärts- und abwärtsgerichteten Abbau verglichen. Um den Wassereinbruch von oben zu kontrollieren, wurde ein nach oben gerichteter Abbau vorgeschlagen. Weiterhin zeigte ein Vergleich des in die Bruchzone einströmenden Wassers mit den chinesischen Standards für die Wasserverwendung, dass das Wasser aus der Bruchzone der unteren Kohlegruppe für eine Nutzung geeignet ist. Die vorliegende Forschung liefert damit eine Grundlage für die Vermeidung und Kontrolle von katastrophalen Wassereinbrüchen sowie für eine angemessene Nutzung der Wasserressourcen in solchen Bergbaugebieten.
Resumen
La irrupción de agua del techo en las zonas de trabajo y la escasez de recursos hídricos son problemas comunes en la zona minera kárstica del suroeste de China. En este estudio, se realizaron medidas de campo, simulaciones y análisis teóricos, se construyó un modelo físico de minería ascendente y descendente en una mina seleccionada, y se analizó la evolución dinámica y mecanismo de la infiltración de agua a través de techos kársticos bajo diferentes fases de la minería. Como resultado, el problema de la infiltración de agua en la zona de trabajo fue solucionado y se propuso un método para utilizar las aguas subterráneas kársticas. La investigación mostró además que tras la minería descendente, la altura máxima de desarrollo de la fractura hidraulica en el depósito de carbón 4 fue de 43.1 m, y la relación de fracturas mineras fue de 14.4. Una infiltración de agua fue observada en la conexión entre las fracturas mineras y los acuíferos kársticos del techo del depósito de carbón, de forma que la explotación de los depósitos de carbón 4 y 9 se vio amenazada por la infiltración de agua proveniente de las galerías. Por tanto, la viabilidad de la minería ascendente fue evaluada mediante el test de relación y el método de discriminación de las "tres zonas", y se comparó la evolución de las vías de infiltración de agua durante la minería ascendente y descendente. Se propuso la minería inclinada hacia arriba como método para controlar la infiltración de agua del techo. Además, se comparó la calidad del agua que fluye hacia las galerías con los valores estándar de uso del agua en China, llegando a la conclusión que el agua de los niveles inferiores constituye un recurso hídrico utilizable. Este estudio supone un punto de partida para prevenir y controlar problemas de infiltración de agua del techo en zonas mineras kársticas y para la utilización adecuada de los recursos hídricos en estas zonas.
摘要
工作面顶板突水和水资源短缺是中国西南岩溶矿区共同面临的问题。本研究通过现场实测、相似模拟和理论分析,构建了某试验矿井上行开采和下行开采的物理模型,分析了不同开采顺序下岩溶顶板突水的动态演化规律和突水机理。解决了矿井工作面突水问题,提出了岩溶地下水资源的利用方法。研究表明,下行开采后,4煤导水裂隙带最大发育高度为43.1 m,裂采比为14.4。采动裂隙与顶板岩溶含水层连通处形成突水通道,4煤和9煤的开采受到采空区突水威胁。因此,采用比值法和“上三带”判别法确定了上行开采的可行性,并对比了上行开采和下行开采时突水通道的演化规律。为控制顶板突水,提出了上行倾斜开采方案。此外,将采空区积水的水质与国家用水标准进行了比较,认为下煤组采空区的水适合水资源化利用。研究成果为矿区顶板突水灾害防治和水资源合理利用提供了依据。
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This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174073, 52004082); Henan Natural Science Foundation of China (222300420007); Henan University Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Program of China (23IRTSTHN005).
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Wang, W., Li, Z., Du, F. et al. Study of Roof Water Inrush Control Technology and Water Resources Utilization During Coal Mining in a Karst Area. Mine Water Environ 42, 546–559 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-023-00953-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-023-00953-3