Abstract
Striking a balance between high-intensity coal mining and environmental protection has been a challenge in the Yushen mining area, which is an important coal production base in China located in an arid and semi-arid ecologically fragile environment. The 122,109 working face of the Caojiatan coal mine was used as a model to coordinate coal production with ecological protection. Theoretical analysis and field monitoring revealed that the maximum surface subsidence was 5.6 m, and the development height of the diversion fracture zone was 21 times the coal seam thickness. The influence of mining process parameters and mining methods on surface ecological damage and water loss was further analyzed using the fluid–solid coupling method. The results showed that exclusive pursuit of high-intensity mining would induce irreversible disasters including aquifer water loss and cultivated land damage; the degree of influence was directly proportional to the working face length, mining height, and mining method. Proper adjustments of these parameters could help realize water-controlled coal mining. The results provide an empirical basis for allowing both exploitation of coal resources and protection of the environment in ecologically fragile areas.
抽象的
榆神矿区是中国重要的煤炭生产基地、位于干旱-半干旱的生态脆弱区、在榆神矿区建立高强度煤炭开采与环境保护平衡已成为重要挑战。文章以曹家滩煤矿的122109工作面为协调煤炭生产与生态保护的模型。理论分析和现场监测显示、工作面的地表最大下沉降量5.6米、导水裂隙带发育高度为开采煤层厚度21倍。利用流固耦合方法进一步分析了开采工艺参数和采煤方法对地表生态破坏和水土流失的影响。结果表明: 一味追求高强度开采将诱发不可逆转的灾害、包括含水层失水和耕地破坏; 影响程度与工作面长度、开采高度和开采方式直接相关。适当调整这些参数有助于实现控水采煤。研究为生态脆弱地区煤炭资源开发和环境保护奠定了基础。
Zusammenfassung
Ein Gleichgewicht zwischen intensivem Kohleabbau und Umweltschutz zu finden, war eine Herausforderung im Yushen-Bergbaugebiet, einer wichtigen Kohleproduktionsbasis in China, die in einer ariden und semiariden, ökologisch fragilen Umgebung liegt. Die Abbaufront 122109 des Kohlebergwerks Caojiatan wurde als Modell für die Koordinierung von Kohleförderung und Umweltschutz herangezogen. Theoretische Analysen und Feldbeobachtungen ergaben, dass die maximale Oberflächensenkung 5,6 m und die Entwicklungshöhe der Umleitungsbruchzone das 21-fache der Kohleflözmächtigkeit betrug. Der Einfluss von Abbauprozessparametern und Abbaumethoden auf die ökologische Schädigung der Oberfläche und den Wasserverlust wurde mit der Methode der Flüssigkeits-Festkörper-Kopplung weiter analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die ausschließliche Verfolgung eines intensiven Bergbaus zu irreversiblen Schäden führen würde, einschließlich des Wasserverlustes im Grundwasserleiter und der Schädigung des Kulturlandes; der Grad des Einflusses war direkt proportional zur Abbaufrontlänge, zur Abbauhöhe und zum Abbauverfahren. Die richtige Einstellung dieser Parameter könnte dazu beitragen, einen wassergesteuerten Kohleabbau zu realisieren. Die Ergebnisse bieten eine empirische Grundlage, um sowohl die Ausbeutung von Kohleressourcen als auch den Schutz der Umwelt in ökologisch fragilen Gebieten zu ermöglichen.
Resumen
El equilibrio entre la minería del carbón de alta intensidad y la protección del medio ambiente ha sido un reto en la zona minera de Yushen, que es una importante base de producción de carbón en China situada en un entorno ecológicamente frágil, árido y semiárido. El frente de trabajo 122109 de la mina de carbón de Caojiatan se utilizó como modelo para coordinar la producción de carbón bajo protección ecológica. El análisis teórico y el seguimiento sobre el terreno revelaron que el hundimiento máximo de la superficie era de 5,6 m, y que la altura de desarrollo de la zona de fractura de desviación era 21 veces el grosor de la veta de carbón. La influencia de los parámetros del proceso de extracción y de los métodos de extracción en los daños ecológicos superficiales y en la pérdida de agua se analizó además mediante el método de acoplamiento fluido-sólido. Los resultados mostraron que la realización exclusiva de minería de alta intensidad produciría desastres irreversibles, como la pérdida de agua del acuífero y los daños en las tierras cultivadas; el grado de influencia resultó directamente proporcional a la longitud del frente de trabajo, la altura de la minería y el método utilizado en la explotación minera. Un ajuste adecuado de estos parámetros podría ayudar a realizar una explotación de carbón con control de agua. Los resultados proporcionan una base empírica para permitir tanto la explotación de los recursos de carbón como la protección del medio ambiente en zonas ecológicamente frágiles.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42072284, 42027801, and 41877186).
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Zeng, Y., Pang, Z., Wu, Q. et al. Study of Water-Controlled and Environmentally Friendly Coal Mining Models in an Ecologically Fragile Area of Northwest China. Mine Water Environ 41, 802–816 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00871-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00871-w