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Water-inrush Risk through Fault Zones with Multiple Karst Aquifers Underlying the Coal Floor: A Case Study in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine, Southern China

Wassereinbruchsrisiko Durch Störungszonen aus Mehreren Karstwasserleitern Unter dem Kohleflöz: Eine Fallstudie in der Liuzhuang-Kohlenmine, Südchina

超强吸水聚合物封堵岩溶管道型突水评价

Riesgo de Irrupción de Agua a Través de Zonas de Falla Con Múltiples Acuíferos Kársticos por Debajo del Suelo de Carbón: Un Estudio de Caso en la Mina de Carbón de Liuzhuang, sur de China

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Abstract

The deep Liuzhuang coal mine faces a risk of water-inrush from multi-layer Carboniferous and Ordovician karst aquifers below the coal floor. We analyzed the permeability of a major fault by in-situ water injection tests and found that its overall permeability was low. The hydraulic conductivity of test sections ranged from 3 × 10–4 to 7 × 10–4 m·d−1, with a maximum injection pressure of 1 Mpa. An analytical model of fluid–solid interaction was used to express the influence of mean principal stress and pore pressure on rock permeability, and a 3D numerical model of a pseudo-inclined working face was built to analyze the inrush risk of minor fault zones with varied occurrences and locations. The simulations showed that the risk of a delayed water inrush through the fault zones after fault exposure was greater than that of an instantaneous inrush. The risk of an inrush through the fault zone was greater near the middle of the working face than near the upper roadway; the risk of an inrush through the fault zone near the lower roadway was relatively small.

Zusammenfassung

Das tiefe Liuzhuang-Kohlebergwerk ist mit dem Risiko eines Wassereinbruchs aus mehreren Karst-Aquiferen in Karbon und Ordovizium im Liegenden der Kohlesohle konfrontiert. Wir analysierten die Durchlässigkeit einer Hauptverwerfung durch in-situ Wasserinjektionstests und stellten fest, dass ihre Gesamtdurchlässigkeit gering war. Die hydraulische Leitfähigkeit der Testabschnitte reichte von 3×10-4 - 7×10-4 m.d-1, bei einem maximalen Injektionsdruck von 1 Mpa. Ein analytisches Modell der Fluid-Feststoff-Wechselwirkung wurde verwendet, um den Einfluss der mittleren Hauptspannung und des Porendrucks auf die Gesteinsdurchlässigkeit auszudrücken, und ein numerisches 3D-Modell einer pseudo-geneigten Ortsbrust wurde erstellt, um das Einbruchsrisiko von kleineren Störungszonen an unterschiedlichen Orten und Dichte zu analysieren. Die Simulationen zeigten, dass das Risiko eines verzögerten Wassereinbruchs durch die Verwerfungszonen nach der Freilegung der Störung größer war als das eines sofortigen Einbruchs. Das Risiko eines Einbruchs durch die Störungszone war in der Nähe der Mitte der Abbaufront größer als in der Nähe des oberen Zugangstollens; das Risiko eines Wassereinbruchs durch die Störungszone in der Nähe des unteren Stollens war relativ gering.

抽象的

深部的刘庄煤矿面临着煤层底板石炭系和奥陶系岩溶含水层组突水的风险。利用原位注水试验分析了主断层的渗透性, 发现主断层的整体渗透性较低。试验段渗透系数在3 × 10–4—7 × 10–4 m-d−1之间, 最大注入压力1 Mpa。利用流-固作用解析模型表达了平均主应力和孔隙压力对岩石渗透性的影响, 建立了一个假倾斜工作面的三维数值模型, 分析了次断层带的发生和位置变化时的突水风险。模拟结果显示, 揭露断层之后, 断层带延迟突水风险大于瞬间突水。靠近工作面中部的断层带突水风险比接近上巷的断层带突水风险更大, 靠近下巷的断层带突水风险相对较小。

Resumen

La profunda mina de carbón de Liuzhuang se enfrenta a un riesgo de irrupción de agua procedente de los acuíferos kársticos de varias capas del Carbonífero y el Ordovícico situados bajo el suelo de carbón. Analizamos la permeabilidad de una falla importante mediante pruebas de inyección de agua in situ y descubrimos que su permeabilidad general era baja. La conductividad hidráulica de las secciones testeadas estuvo en el rango entre 3×10-4 - 7×10-4 m-d-1, con una presión de inyección máxima de 1 Mpa. Se utilizó un modelo analítico de interacción fluido-sólido para expresar la influencia de la tensión principal media y la presión de poros en la permeabilidad de la roca y se construyó un modelo numérico en 3D de una cara de trabajo pseudo-inclinada para analizar el riesgo de irrupción de zonas de fallas menores con ocurrencias y ubicaciones variadas. Las simulaciones mostraron que el riesgo de una irrupción de agua retardada a través de las zonas de falla después de la exposición de la falla era mayor que el de una irrupción instantánea. El riesgo de irrupción a través de la zona de falla era mayor cerca del centro de la cara de trabajo que cerca de la calzada superior; el riesgo de irrupción a través de la zona de falla cerca de la calzada inferior era relativamente pequeño.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all the people who contributed to the research, especially all of the coal mine staff who actively cooperated during the surveys. Thanks also to the editors and anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the scientific quality of the paper. This research was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41807195, 41877186, and 41602262) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grants 2019M661053, 2020T130390).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Jian Zhang, Liangliang Guo & Dexing Zhao

  2. School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Wenping Mu

  3. School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China

    Shouqiang Liu

  4. National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Beijing, 100083, China

    Shouqiang Liu

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  1. Jian Zhang
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Correspondence to Liangliang Guo.

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Zhang, J., Guo, L., Mu, W. et al. Water-inrush Risk through Fault Zones with Multiple Karst Aquifers Underlying the Coal Floor: A Case Study in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine, Southern China. Mine Water Environ 40, 1037–1047 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-021-00799-7

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