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Mechanism of Water Inrush of a Deep Mining Floor Based on Coupled Mining Pressure and Confined Pressure

Mechanismus des Wassereinbruchs in einer tiefen Abbausohle auf der Grundlage von gekoppeltem Abbaudruck und lithostatischem Druck

Mecanismo de irrupción de agua en un suelo minero profundo basado en el acoplamiento entre la presión minera y la presión confinada

基于矿压和水压耦合的深部底板突水机理

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Abstract

We studied the water inrush mechanism in deep mines using experiments to determine the full stress–strain permeability of different lithologies in deep coal seam floors. We also performed numerical simulations of rock floor failure and confined water uplift variation, fracture evolution, permeability variations of coal seam floor failure, and monitored confined water uplift. The results show that water inrush is related to the coupling of mining pressure and water pressure, which expand after unloading, similar to the way rocks soften in stress–strain permeability experiments after peak stress. This conclusion has been confirmed by field drilling, water injection tests, and numerical simulations. The water-bearing layer of the floor strata can be modified (strengthened) by grouting to reduce confined water flow. Technical measures can be taken to divert pressure from and reduce damage to the floor strata and thereby prevent water inrush through the coal floor.

Zusammenfassung

Wir untersuchten den Wassereinbruchmechanismus in tiefen Bergwerken mit Experimenten zur Bestimmung der vollen Spannungs-Dehnungs-Durchlässigkeit verschiedener Lithologien in tiefen Kohleflözböden. Wir führten auch numerische Simulationen des Versagens der Gesteinssohle und der Schwankung des begrenzten Wasserauftriebs, der Bruchentwicklung, und der Permeabilitätsschwankungen bei Versagen der Kohleflözsohle durch und überwachten den begrenzten Wasserauftrieb. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Wassereinbruch mit der Kopplung von Bergbaudruck und Wasserdruck zusammenhängt, was nach der Entladung zur Ausdehnung führt, in ähnlicher Weise wie Gesteine in Spannungs-Dehnungs-Permeabilitätsexperimenten nach Spitzenbelastungen weich werden. Diese Schlussfolgerung wurde durch Feldbohrungen, Wasserinjektionstests und numerische Simulationen bestätigt. Die wasserführende Schicht des Liegenden kann durch Verpressung modifiziert (verstärkt) werden, um den eingegrenzten Wasserfluss zu reduzieren. Es können technische Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um den Druck von den Sohlenschichten abzuleiten und Schäden an ihnen zu verringern und dadurch das Eindringen von Wasser durch den Kohleflözboden zu verhindern.

Resumen

En este trabajo se estudió el mecanismo de irrupción de agua en las minas profundas utilizando experimentos para determinar la permeabilidad completa de tensión-deformación de diferentes litologías en los suelos de las vetas de carbón profundas. Se realizaron simulaciones numéricas del fallo del suelo de roca y de la variación del levantamiento de agua confinada, la evolución de las fracturas, las variaciones de permeabilidad del fallo del suelo de las vetas de carbón y se ha monitoreado la elevación del agua confinada. Los resultados muestran que la irrupción de agua está relacionada con el acoplamiento de la presión de extracción y la presión del agua, que se expanden después de la descarga, de modo similar a la forma en que las rocas se ablandan en los experimentos de permeabilidad después de un pico de tensión. Esta conclusión ha sido confirmada en perforaciones de campo, los tests de inyección de agua y las simulaciones numéricas. La capa de soporte de agua de los estratos del suelo puede ser modificada (reforzada) mediante la inyección de lechada para reducir el flujo de agua confinado. Se pueden tomar medidas técnicas para desviar la presión y reducir los daños en los estratos del suelo y así evitar la irrupción de agua a través del suelo de carbón.

抽象

实验确定深部不同岩性煤层底板的全应力-应变渗透率, 研究了深部开采底板突水机理. 同时, 数值模拟了底板破坏与承压水变化, 断裂演化, 煤层底板破坏渗透率改变和监测承压水位抬升. 结果表明, 底板突水与矿压和水压的耦合作用相关, 采动卸载后耦合作用增强, 类似于应力-应变渗透实验的应力峰值后岩石软化过程. 现场钻探, 注水试验和数值模拟验证了该结论. 底板含水层注浆对改造 (加固) 可以减小承压水流. 建议采取技术措施转移底板压力, 减少底板破坏, 预防煤层底板突水.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Fengda Zhang for assistance in revising the figures, Esther Posner, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Editing China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of this manuscript, and China’s National Natural Science Fund (Grant 51874177)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Coal Mining and Designing, Tiandi Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China

    Yujun Zhang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China

    Yujun Zhang

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Zhang, Y. Mechanism of Water Inrush of a Deep Mining Floor Based on Coupled Mining Pressure and Confined Pressure. Mine Water Environ 40, 366–377 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00743-1

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