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Combined Drilling Methods to Install Grout Curtains in a Deep Underground Mine: A Case Study in Southwest China

Kombinierte Bohrungsmethoden zur Implementierung von Dichtungsschleiern in tiefen Untertagebergbauen: Eine Fallstudie aus Südwestchina

Uso de métodos de perforación para instalar barreras de lechada en una mina subterránea profunda: Un estudio de caso en el suroeste de Chin

组合钻进方法在大采深矿井建立注浆帷幕:中国西南案例

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Abstract

Curtain grouting can be used to reduce the volume of water inrush in a mine and protect regional groundwater resources. However, traditional vertical drilling was not feasible for the Maoping lead zinc deposit in Yunnan, China, which is located in a high mountainous region with steep gorges. A full analysis of the regional tectonic framework, and geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Maoping deposit was carried out, combining the use of different drilling methods (vertical drilling, inclined drilling with low curvature, and S-shaped directional drilling) to install grout curtains from mine roadways. The combination of drilling methods resolved the difficulties of underground drilling and grouting under high water pressure and the presence of fractures with a high dip angle. Water injection tests, drilling to reveal grouting quality, and electrical resistivity for closely spaced wells were used to to determine the continuity and permeability of the grout curtain. The grouting has been effective, ensuring the safety of the miners, sustainable exploitation of the deep mine resources, and allowing mining of previously non-extractable resources.

Zusammenfassung

Dichtungsschleier können zur Reduzierung des Volumens von Wassereinbrüchen sowie zum Schutz regionaler Grundwasserressourcen eingesetzt werden. Das typische vertikale Bohren war jedoch im Bereich der Maoping Blei-Zink-Lagerstätte im chinesischen Yunnan aufgrund der gebirgigen Lage mit steilen Schluchten nicht möglich. Für die Maoping Lagerstätte wurde eine detaillierte Analyse der regionalen tektonischen Verhältnisse sowie der geologischen und hydrogeologischen Bedingungen durchgeführt, wobei verschiedene Bohrmethoden (vertikale Bohrungen, Schrägbohrungen mit flacher Krümmung und S-förmige Richtbohrungen) zur Installation von Dichtungsschleiern ausgehend von Grubenstraßen kombiniert wurden. Durch Kombination verschiedener Bohrmethoden wurden die mit dem Untertagebohren und -verpressen bei hohem Wasserdruck sowie dem Vorhandensein von Brüchen mit hohem Fallwinkel assoziierten Probleme gelöst. Zur Prüfung von Kontinuität und Durchlässigkeit des Dichtungsschleiers wurden Wasserinjektionstest, Bohrungen zur Erörterung der Injektionsqualität und elektrische Widerstandsmessungen für dicht aufeinanderfolgende Bohrlöcher genutzt. Durch die erfolgreiche Herstellung des Dichtungsschleiers konnte die Sicherheit der Grubenarbeiter und die nachhaltige Ausbeutung der tiefen Ressourcen sichergestellt sowie der Abbau bislang nicht-abbaubarer Ressourcen ermöglicht warden.

Resumen

La barrera de lechada puede utilizarse para reducir el volumen de agua que puede entrar en una mina y proteger los recursos regionales de aguas subterráneas. Sin embargo, la perforación vertical tradicional no era factible para el depósito de zinc de plomo de Maoping en Yunnan (China), que está situado en una región montañosa elevada con desfiladeros escarpados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis completo del marco tectónico regional y de las condiciones geológicas e hidrogeológicas del yacimiento de Maoping, combinando el uso de diferentes métodos de perforación (perforación vertical, perforación inclinada con baja curvatura y perforación direccional en forma de S) para instalar barreras de lechada desde los caminos de la mina. La combinación de los métodos de perforación resolvió las dificultades de la perforación subterránea y la lechada bajo una alta presión de agua y la presencia de fracturas con un elevado ángulo de inclinación. Se utilizaron pruebas de inyección de agua, perforaciones para revelar la calidad de la lechada y la resistividad eléctrica para pozos muy cercanos para determinar la continuidad y la permeabilidad de la barrera de lechada. La lechada ha sido eficaz, garantizando la seguridad de los mineros, la explotación sostenible de los recursos de las minas profundas y permitiendo la extracción de recursos que antes no eran extraíbles.

摘要

帷幕注浆可以减少矿井涌水量,保护区域地下水资源。然而,传统垂直钻进方法不适于云南茅坪铅锌矿的峡谷陡峭高山区。充分考虑了茅坪铅锌矿区域构造、地质和水文地质条件之后,综合运用不同钻进技术(垂直钻进、小曲率倾斜钻进和S型定向钻进)从矿井大巷建立注浆帷幕。混合钻进方法解决了井下钻进、高水压注浆和高角裂隙等困难。运用注水试验、灌浆质量孔检验、近距离孔电阻率勘探等方法确定注浆帷幕的连续性和渗透性。注浆效果显明,保障了矿工安全和深层矿产资源可持续开采,使早期不可开采资源得以开采。

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the assistance and guidance by Dajin Liu and Shuqun She in the field hydrogeological investigation, and the geological background given by Gaoming Zhou and Bangtao Sun. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the editors, whose valuable suggestions and professionalism greatly improved the final version of this paper.

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Correspondence to Guilei Han.

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Yuan, S., Han, G. Combined Drilling Methods to Install Grout Curtains in a Deep Underground Mine: A Case Study in Southwest China. Mine Water Environ 39, 902–909 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00701-x

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